Though Most Americans Are Aware Of The Great Depression Of 1929, Which

Though most Americans are aware of the Great Depression of 1929, which may well be "the most serious problem facing our free enterprise economic system,"( ) few know of the many Americans who lost their homes, life savings and jobs. This paper briefly states the causes of the depression and summarizes the vast problems Americans faced during the eleven years of its span. This paper primarily focuses on what life was like for farmers during the time of the Depression, as portrayed in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, and tells what the government did to end the Depression. In the 1920's, after World War 1, danger signals were apparent that a great Depression was coming. A major cause of the Depression was that the pay of workers did not increase at all. Because of this, they couldn't afford manufactured goods. While the factories were still manufacturing goods, Americans weren't able to afford them and the factories made no money (Drewry and O'connor 559). Another major cause related to farmers. Farmers weren't doing to well because they were producing more crops and farm products than could be sold at high prices. Therefore, they made a very small profit. This insufficient profit wouldn't allow the farmers to purchase new machinery and because of this they couldn't produce goods quick enough (Drewry and O'connor 559). A new plan was created called the installment plan. This plan was established because many Americans didn't have enough money to buy goods and services that were needed or wanted. The installment plan stated that people could buy products on credit and make monthly payments. The one major problem with this idea was that people soon found out that they couldn't afford to make the monthly payment(Drewry and O'connor 559). In 1929 the stock market crashed. Many Americans purchased stocks because they were certain of the economy. People started selling their stocks at a fast pace; over sixteen million stocks were sold! Numerous stock prices dropped to fraction of their value. Banks lost money from the stock market and from Americans who couldn't pay back loans. Many factories lost money and went out of business because of this great tragedy (Drewry and O'connor By the 1930's, thirteen million workers lost their jobs which is 25 percent of all workers. The blacks and unskilled workers were always the first to be fired. Farmers had no money and weren't capable of paying their mortgages. Americans traveled throughout the country looking for a place to work to support themselves and their family (Drewry and O'connor 560-561). John Steinbeck, born in 1902, grew up during the Depression near the fertile Salinas Valley and wrote many books of fiction based on his background and experiences during that time and area of the country. One of his great works would be the Grapes of Wrath In this book, Steinbeck describes the farmers plight during the Great Depression and drought. When the rains failed to come, the grass began to disappear. As the farmers watched their plants turn brown and the dirt slowly turn to dust they began to fear what was to come. In the water-cut gullies the earth dusted down in dry little streams. As the sharp sun struck day af ter day, the leaves of the young corn became less stiff and erect; then it was June and the sun shone more fiercely. The brown lines on the corn leaves widened and moved in on the central ribs. The weeds frayed and edged back toward their roots. The air was thin and the sky more pale; and every day the earth paled. (qtd. Steinbeck 2-3). The farmers worst fears were realized when their corn and other crops began to die. The dust became so bad they had to cover their mouths with handkerchiefs so they could breath (Steinbeck 3- When the drought hit the Great Plains and the soil turned to dust, many farmers moved to California because they could no longer farm their land(Drewry and O'Connor 561). The drought began to affect other parts of the country. In 1930, Virginia's belt of fertile land dried up. Ponds, streams, and springs all dried up and the great Mississippi River water level sank lower

Free Essays on GM’s Saturn Division And Its Product Mix

Today we are looking at GM’s Saturn division and its product mix. I will describe the mix and talk to their strategy for their product line. I will also show how Saturn organized its product in relation to some of its competition. Saturn provides a lineup of American-made cars, focusing on value and customer needs. The vehicles tend to be smaller, are built with dent preventing polymers instead of sheet metal and are sold at a pre-set â€Å"no-haggle† price. Saturn’s product mix for vehicles is structured with a width or breadth of 6 product lines. Saturn also keeps their product length very short. The longest line is the VUE with four models. Most of their vehicles are restricted to two models. These vehicle groups are: 1. Saturn’s S-Series Sedans, the first car released and their most basic vehicle. This is a reliable car at an affordable price that comes in three models, the SL, the SL1 and the SL2. 2. Saturn’s 3-Door Coupe, a sporty hatch back vehicle that makes the most of its interior room with a unique 3d door to allow adults into the back seat. This vehicle comes in two models, the SC1 and SC2. 3. Saturn’s L-Series Sedans, a more luxurious vehicle with more options. This vehicle comes in two models, the L200 and the L300. 4. Saturn’s L-Series Wagons, the only station wagon in Saturn’s lineup. This vehicle comes in two models, the LW200 and the LW300. 5. Saturn’s VUE, their sport utility vehicle created to compete in that hot market. This vehicle comes in four models, the FWD 4, the FWD 6, the AWD 4, and the AWD 6. 6. Saturn’s newest release, the ION Sedan that will replace the S-Series cars. â€Å"The two ION models are completely new from the ground up and offer surprising refinement for the small-car segment. Even the name is new, since they replace the pioneering S-Series in the Saturn lineup. Both the four-door sedan and the "quad coupe" - so-called because of its dual rear-access doors (R... Free Essays on GM’s Saturn Division And Its Product Mix Free Essays on GM’s Saturn Division And Its Product Mix Today we are looking at GM’s Saturn division and its product mix. I will describe the mix and talk to their strategy for their product line. I will also show how Saturn organized its product in relation to some of its competition. Saturn provides a lineup of American-made cars, focusing on value and customer needs. The vehicles tend to be smaller, are built with dent preventing polymers instead of sheet metal and are sold at a pre-set â€Å"no-haggle† price. Saturn’s product mix for vehicles is structured with a width or breadth of 6 product lines. Saturn also keeps their product length very short. The longest line is the VUE with four models. Most of their vehicles are restricted to two models. These vehicle groups are: 1. Saturn’s S-Series Sedans, the first car released and their most basic vehicle. This is a reliable car at an affordable price that comes in three models, the SL, the SL1 and the SL2. 2. Saturn’s 3-Door Coupe, a sporty hatch back vehicle that makes the most of its interior room with a unique 3d door to allow adults into the back seat. This vehicle comes in two models, the SC1 and SC2. 3. Saturn’s L-Series Sedans, a more luxurious vehicle with more options. This vehicle comes in two models, the L200 and the L300. 4. Saturn’s L-Series Wagons, the only station wagon in Saturn’s lineup. This vehicle comes in two models, the LW200 and the LW300. 5. Saturn’s VUE, their sport utility vehicle created to compete in that hot market. This vehicle comes in four models, the FWD 4, the FWD 6, the AWD 4, and the AWD 6. 6. Saturn’s newest release, the ION Sedan that will replace the S-Series cars. â€Å"The two ION models are completely new from the ground up and offer surprising refinement for the small-car segment. Even the name is new, since they replace the pioneering S-Series in the Saturn lineup. Both the four-door sedan and the "quad coupe" - so-called because of its dual rear-access doors (R...

Take home quize Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Take home quize - Coursework Example The authors Jones and Barnett (2009) description, the authors strongly suggest the importance of the theory to the health educators that makes the theory become very interesting. Moreover, the authors give practical example to support the theory. The authors stated that a health educator needs to identify the intention of a person regarding a particular behavior. In order to successful determine the intentions of a person; it is important to comprehend the following factors as a health educator. Firstly, understand the attitude of the individual towards the behavior. Secondly, the subject must understand the subjective norms and lastly identify how the person perceived the behavioral control. These factors make the theory be of interest as they suggest critical parts in the stages of a change model. b) Contemplation stage: this is a point where a person starts to consider a behavior change someday. For example a smoker and an alcohol drinker who considers quitting the practice of stopping to drink alcohol or smoking someday but still not very ready for it then. The article states that health educators have a responsibility to educate people purposefully to promote, maintain, and improve individual and family and the community health. In a case where the conflict of issues come up, the health educator must consider all the issues in question. Health educators should then give priority to the issues that uphold and promotes the healthy and quality of life through the principles of self-determination and freedom of choice. In section two of this article, it states that as a health educator it is important to encourage actions and social policies. The activities should support and facilitate the best balance as so long as the decisions pose no threats to the health of others. As a health educator, I would take into actions policies that will be of benefit to the community. For example, if in case an immunization is affecting the people, then I would

Quality Management Planning Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quality Management Planning Strategy - Essay Example This means the current processes need to be improvised to continually achieve better and higher outcomes. For this, the company will be adopting an overall Total Quality Management (TQM) approach, which will focus on overall improvement of the company, its processes, products and services with the help of knowledge and experience of all employees. This approach is highly flexible and can adopt various practices (Ghuman & Ashwathappa, 2010). Implementation of TQM across the organization is done through various tools and techniques in congruence with the nature of the work. The manufacturing units will use Six Sigma and Lean methodology by which the quality and efficiency of product manufacturing will be judged and continuously improved to achieve Six Sigma level of accuracy. Six-Sigma will be based on data and statistics of products and their quality. Moreover, lean methods will help in eliminating wastage and in reducing manufacturing costs. To maintain healthy and safe work environment, effective and well-defined processes for disposal and storage, and safety methods will be followed at all locations (Organization-wide approaches, n.d). The standardized processes for manufacturing across all locations will be retained; however, to reduce the manufacturing lead time, raw materials will be acquired on a Just-in-time (JIT) basis (Ghuman & Ashwathappa, 2010). However, considering the fluctuating demand and rapidly changing market environment, the product process will follow the pull process, which adapts production to customers’ demand. Benchmarked targets will then be applied for individual production units on an hourly, daily and monthly basis till the project is completed. Quality Circles will be formed at every location with small group of employees who will assess the quality of all functions and products.

A illustrated time line 1945 1997 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A illustrated time line 1945 1997 - Coursework Example As a result, the coalition government ended as Labour leader Clement Attlee clearly won majority seats over Winston Churchill. In addition to this, the year also finished with celebration of the victory in the World War II. In 1948 National Health Service was established and Labour government made significant changes that promote medical services. Moreover, a free paid system was introduced to those who registered with a doctor. Labour Leader Clement Attlee was re-elected as Prime minister in 1950. Later British troop were sent to support the USA in the cold War at South Korea. In the year 1951, Winston Churchill won the general election under Conservative party and became the Prime Minister for the second time at the age of 76. He promoted foreign affairs, reduced pressure of Cold War and maintained good relationship with the USA. He once said that â€Å"We see nothing but good and hope in a richer, freer, more contented European commonalty. But we have our own dream and our own ta sk. We are with Europe, but not of it. We are linked, but not comprised. We are interested and associated, but not absorbed† (Britannica.com). After the death of George VI in 1952, his daughter Elizabeth II became the Queen and the Prime Minister supported her. In 1955 Winston Churchill at the age of 80 went on retirement due to the health issues. His successor was Anthony Eden who won the general elections in 1956. Furthermore, British power station was turned on for the first time. However, Egypt decided to nationalize the Suez Canal and American intervention made Britain and France to withdraw and Egypt got the canal back. As a result, it placed America higher over them. In the year 1957, The Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden resigned due to Suez Crisis and was taken over by Harold Macmillan. Besides, Britain tested its first hydrogen bomb and joined to Soviet Union. The Conservatives leader Harold Macmillan won the general election with great margin of votes

Advances in Seed Quality Evaluation Techniques in Soybean

Advances in Seed Quality Evaluation Techniques in Soybean Seed is alive; and it can change over time under varying conditions. It can also vary from year to year as do planting conditions. When planting, seed vigor can be used to assist with management decisions, especially under adverse planting conditions. Seed quality is critical in the establishment of a uniform plant stand, the first step in producing a successful crop, but good planting conditions are also critical since even high quality seed can fail under too much stress. Seed quality is complex. Several factors influence seed quality including variety, purity, weather, insects, diseases, harvest moisture, handling, and storage. The soy bean(US) or soya bean(UK) (Glycine max) is a species of  legume  native to  East Asia, widely grown for its edible  bean  which has numerous uses. The plant is classed as an oilseed  rather than a  pulse  by the UN  Food and Agricultural Organization. Soybean Oil  and protein content account for about 60 (%) of dry soybeans by weight (protein at 40% and oil at 20 %). The remainder consists of 35(%) carbohydrate and about 5 (%) ash. Soybean cultivars comprise approximately 8% seed coat or hull, 90 (%)  cotyledons  and 2 (%)  hypocotylaxis or germ. The U.S., Argentina, Brazil, China and India are the worlds largest soybean producers and represent more than 90% of global soybean production. India produces 9.8 million metric tons against the world’s total production of 249.0 million metric tons. Furthermore, the soybean seeds when stored under ambient conditions quickly lose viability and upon planting such seeds in the next season results in very poor germination. Because of the hot and humid conditions prevailing from March to June, the seed viability of soybeans drops by 50 (%). However in soybean, seed viability during storage was observed to be related to seed size. Thus ensuring seed quality becomes one of the important aspect of soybean production. The seed quality evaluation can be broadly categorized under and ensured to have Trueness to type (often referred to as variety purity). Satisfactory germination and vigour. Freedom from other materials, including plant debris, dead or broken seeds, seeds of other crops, weed seeds, noxious and parasitic weed seeds also non-plant materials. Freedom from seed-borne pests and diseases. During 2009-10 soy bean breeder seed production was 10198.03s (q.) with a seed rate (kg/ha) of 75 kg/ha, total certified seed requirement will be 667.5000 tonnes. Keeping these production trends â€Å"VISION-2030† of Directorate of Seed Research, Mau, India and estimates with a target increase in SRR of 0.5% and available SMR ratio of 16 foundation seed requirement is 20.8594 thousand tones and breeder seed requirement of 1303.7109 tones by 2030. This ever increasing demand for quality seed in soybean demands precise seed quality evaluation methods. The routine seed testing methods available for seed quality evaluation of soybean are standard germination, Seedling vigour, Accelerated Ageing, Controlled Deterioration, seed leachate conductivity tests and Clorox Soak for seed coat mechanical damage as described by ISTA and AOSA. However, these tests are time consuming and lack reproducibility over laboratories. Hence there is a greater need of advanced seed quality evaluation methods to overcome the aforesaid problems. Advanced seed quality evaluation techniques: 1. Seed and seedling image analysis: Computer-aided image analysis, which are contributing to improving insight of seed morphology and biology, in terms of seed quality and germination and various aspects of seed image analysis like image acquisition and pattern recognition. Image analysis deals the means by which digital images are acquired and processed and how imaging technology is applied in seed science research in terms of varietal identification, characterization, germination, moisture, grading and sorting by analysis of seed size, shape and color parameters. Implication of new techniques for addressing a particular variety can be focused and also attention is being laid at international level for the development of suitable lab techniques like image analysis of seed or plant organs, bio chemical and molecular markers. Image analysis technique (machine vision system) is one of such systems offers the prospect that researchers will be able to study seed surface features more cl osely and hence increase the available character set. a) Machine Vision System: a computerized tool for Image Analysis (IA). It functions being similar to the human observations. Machine vision refers to the acquisition of data (shape, size, etc.) via a video camera or similar system and the subsequent computer analysis of these data following suitable processing. The term â€Å"image analysis† has also been used in this context, but it more strictly refers to the extraction of numerical data from an acquired image. The colour, size, shape characteristics of plant products, and their capability to produce digital images suitable for further processing make modern image acquisition techniques highly adaptable tools. Bio-morphological seed features may be analyzed by computer-aided image analysis systems and data quickly processed. b) Seed Analyzer based on Chlorophyll fluorescence and the maturity of seeds: Aims at Automated detection of the ripeness of the seeds and deliver the information for improving the quality of the seed lot. The maturity of the seeds can be measured with this technology. The maturity of the seeds is highly correlated with the quality of the seeds. With the Seed Analyzer the correct harvest moment can be determined, the seed quality can be improved, improved, the amount of waste can be lowered as well as been known and the priming conditions can be optimized for the seed batch. Applications in Seed Science Research includes Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) Testing, Varietal Identification and Characterization. Wherein, Automatic systems can be based on seed images, from which the characteristics for the classification, such as size, shape, colour and texture, can be obtained quickly. Digital image analysis offers an objective and quantitative method for estimation of morphological parameters. Besides, in routine seed testing for enhanced seed quality as Germination: Seed germination has intrigued the human activity since the late Neolithic age, because of practical reasons becoming a milestone in the ‘agriculture framework’ (Evenari, 1984). The application of computational techniques to the study of seed germination covers three aspects: computer-assisted image analysis systems, descriptive simulation modeling, and combined relation modeling between morphological changes and biological processes. A digital image of a plant seed can be regarded as a two-dimensional object which can be measured in size, shape and color density during the development stage of germination by computer image analysis technology. Moisture: Moisture content is the most vital factor influencing physical and mechanical properties of cereal crop seeds. For example, an increase in moisture content leads to an increase in the major, minor and intermediate diameters; increase in all linear dimensions, projected area and volume; increase in length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, volume and surface area. These monochromatic images acquired can be used to determine the moisture content of seeds. Vigor Assessment: Vigour is the ability of a seed lot to establish normal (or usable) seedlings under diverse production environments. Use of computer-aided image analysis of seedling size overcomes many of the limitations that occur during manual vigour tests Image analysis provides rapid measurement of an object’s physical characteristics and allows quantitative, objective observation. Several commercial systems use some form of computer-aided analysis of digital images to evaluate seedling growth as a measure of seed vigour. Single seed oxygen measurement: Development of automated system for scoring different seed quality parameters by detection of metabolic activity. This technology measures the oxygen consumption of single seeds in a closed environment. The total test is therefore performed under increasing stress conditions (oxygen stress) and gives us a deeper insight in various aspects of the seed quality. c) Chlorophyll fluorescence of imbibing and (early) germinating seeds: The present technology focuses on chlorophyll fluorescence of imbibing and (early) germinating seeds. It claims to â€Å"detect the metabolic activity [of seeds] during seed germination phase†. The technology enables the nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ destructive destructive evaluation of imbibing seeds on a number of characteristics, with the advantage to be able to follow the development of individual seeds in time, to be able to use or test the seeds (e.g. reà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ dried after priming) or the emerging preà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ germinated seeds or seedlings developing from these seeds. It also potentially enables sorting. d) Spectral imaging: Spectral imaging technology can be seen as a methodology which can add to the knowledge of seed quality aspects, the speed of testing and the reproducibility of traditional tests within and between laboratories. Seed size, shape and colour are common features that are employed as sorting parameters for improvement of seed quality. In spectral imaging the sequential exposure of the object to light of different wavelengths provides further information about topographical texture, spectral texture and gloss. Multi- and hyperspectral imaging and analysis of the generated data are clear examples of these developments. The light sources, cameras and computers for such systems are readily available and relatively affordable. This opens a wide array of potential applications in seed testing at various levels, as well as research opportunities that before were only possible for a few very specialized institutions. Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging as to be part of the standard seed testing equipment in the near future. 2. Chemical tests: Peroxidase Test: This is a test is effectively employed for cultivar separation based on high or low seed coat peroxidase activity. This information is taken from the AOSA Rules. Analysts remove and place the dry seed coat from soybean seeds into individual test tubes or suitable containers. They add 10 drops of 0.5 percent guaiacol to each test tube. After waiting 10 minutes they add one drop of 0.1 percent hydrogen peroxide to the tube. After one minute, seeds are recorded as peroxidase positive(high peroxidase activity) if there is a reddish-brown solution; or peroxidase negative (low peroxidase activity) if there is a colorless solution in the test tube. 3. Biochemical markers for seed quality evaluation and testing: With the advent of newer technologies to effectively quantify and detect the precedence of particular protein and isozymes. The isozymes lack repeatability owing to their specific stage and range of expression and are highly responsive for environment. However, among these Two Dimensional Protein Gel Electrophoresis (2 D PAGE) is recommended for hybrid purity testing by ISTA. 4. DNA/Molecular markers for seed quality evaluation and testing: Quality seeds has to meet the minimum seed certification standards and quality attributes viz., physical purity, germination per cent, moisture content, seed health and genetic purity.The genuineness of the variety is one of the most important characteristics of good quality seed.Genetic purity test is done to verify any deviation from genuineness of the variety during multiplication stages.For certification genetic purity test is compulsory for all foundation and certified hybrid seeds.Higher genetic purity is an essential requirement for the commercialization of any seed. Importance stable marker for genetic purity: CMS plants and its maintainer plants, which originated from female parent during multiplication, are major off-types in F1 hybrids. Maintenance of the purity of parent CMS lines is essential in achieving the purity of hybrid and thus commercial benefit.CMS purity during multiplication can only be assessed at heading stage by observing pollen fertility. The results are prone to be erratic due to different examiners and environments.So it is significant to develop a novel, simple, rapid and effective method to assess CMS seed purity during multiplication at seedling stage. The molecular markers are more efficient in assessing genetic purity. Among markers RAPD and AFLP are dominant markers.Dominant markers unable to identify heterozygous condition (AA and aa only but not Aa). Low reproducibility of RAPD and lengthy process of AFLP markers have made them impractical and difficult for their routine use in seed purity analysis.While SSR, SCAR, STMS are Co- dominant markers and are able to identify heterozygous condition.These markers are more popular because of their accuracy in results and are reproducible. Quick and simple processes of these markers have made them practical for their routine use in hybrid conformity and seed purity analysis.Markers vary based on their ability to differentiate lines with the crop and hybrids and parental lines involved in developing particular hybrid. With the advancement of science and engineering new throughout put genomics and phenomics technologies viz., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Nu PCR, rapid onsite DNA detection, Nested DNA Markers Battery, genome sampling and Genome sequencing the â€Å"next generation seed testing† is going to transform the seed quality evaluation and testing to an elevated stature having real-time application with high degree of reliability. New methods for seed testing are emerging with increasing technological possibilities and computer power, parallel to decreasing prices will enhance the precision and speed with which the soybean seed quality is being tested with increase in accuracy and reproducibility of results.

Philippines Economic Growth Essay

The Philippines has a representative democracy modeled on United State’s system of government. Its republic type of government has also a presidential system of government with bicameral legislature and an independent judiciary wherein the president is limited to six years of terms. Whenever there are troubles experienced within the government of the Philippines, leaders tends to seek help and often times united States always offers help and assistance to the Philippines. Although historically speaking, they were once the conquerors of the Philippines. Both government are being attcked by terrorist which opposes the kind of leaders and leadership in the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Philippines is considered as one newly industrialized country located in South east Asia. It is also the fastest growing economy in Southeast Asia posting a GDP growth rate of 7.5% in 2007’s second quarter. (Hookway, 2007.p.A1). As compared to the United States the GDP of the Philippines is really far from US’ GDP rate of 88% over the past decades and until the present. United States is really a great country and is considered to be where the world’s largest gross domestic product rate is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GDP per capita of the Philippines is estimated to be $5,700 in 2007 which is far behind the GDP per capita of the United States which is estimated $44,000 for this year.( US treasury Dept. 2007)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unemployment rates in the Philippines is 7.9% while US is just half of it at 4.4%. This reflects how hardworking the Americans as compare to Filipinos who merely wants a simple life and simple way of living. Inflation rates in the Philippines is 2.3% which makes the economy more hopeful in the present statistics. The national government debt as a percentage of GDP rates in the Philippines is as high as $316.65 billion or 69.9% of GDP while United States only has $19billion or 0.16% of GDP. (wikipedia)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The level of technological development in the Philippines is not also as greater than in the United states. The Philippines is attracted to Japan made products and China influenced imitation of much lower quality technologies as compared to hight technological quality provided in the United States. This is one great disappointment regarding consumer decision making bf Filipinos who tends to buy more goods and commodities at a cheaper price but not of high quality. They tend to overlook the specifications of   a certain of product because of high costs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The level of infrastructural development in the Philippines is not really that far, because the country is taking its phase in cities where rises of buildings and commercial establishments are rampant. There are certain issues concerning how this infrastructures will be built because tax in the Philippines is really high thats why investors sometimes thinks twice of getting involved in dealing   businesses in the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The high cost of materials, manpower and cost of permit is sometimes unfair on the part of investor. It becomes a gamble investing on a place where you will think twice if it will really profit once its already made and set up there. While infrastructural developments in the United States can be considerably good because in cities like New York where it is known to as the city that never sleeps, one business establishment will really profit because people keeps on going and going all day and night long.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Socioeconomic indicators that greatly affects the statistics of a certain country such as education, access to health care, clean water, etc. is also considered as one great factor in a progressive nation.   For a country like Philippines, educational system can be considered competitive enough because it produces competent and skilled professionals nowadays. As far as United States education is concern because of course reality speaks that American Student are really ahead in terms of quality of education. Going back to History, American are also known as Thomasites which brought up high standards of education in the Philippines. Brain Drain is one common problem in the Philippines, after years of studying where Filipinos receive of high quality education, they goes out of the country and work for a higher salary. The tendency is the economy of such country raises and the downfall of professional statistics in the Philippines is experienced. They prefer to use the knowledge they’ve learned from their own country as a stepping stone to more opportunities abroad. Health Problems and medical assistance is also a factor in a country’s economic growth for Filipinos who lives in a country with   more illness there is a bigger tendency not to perform well in school for students who are still studying and for employees who works hard int heir professions. The more persuasive you are working, the more tendency of being sick is. The sad part is that there are some instances that medical assistance is far at hand like in cases that we still need to ask help from other countries like the United States which is more medically advanced and this also results a deduction in our statistics because we need to pay for those medicines and medical experts from foreign countries. Abusing the environment is also one reason why people tends to suffer economically. Improper use of natural resources and pollution is one great threat on the Philippines Economic growth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At present, there are many Foreign investors who wants to take risk and be involved in having business with the Philippines and this also provides greater opportunity on the countries statistics because it paves way for a more chance of paying debts and increase employment rates to Filipinos.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Talking about change, we really don’t need to compete with any other countries, we can content our economic needs by providing what it needs and at the same time going about business in supporting services and exports that have brought in much needed foreign exchange and help raising our economic status at its best. Great rates and percentage economically comes from people who strives hard and decides best in doing businesses and witty decision making. References   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Hookway, James. (2007). Wall Street Journal p. A1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     United States Department of Treasury 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.wikipedia.org

Intro to Microeconomics Study Guide Essay

Economics is the study of allocation of scarce resources 1) Chapter One: The Principles of Microeconomics a. Four resources: Land, Labor, Capital (machinery), Entrepreneurship (human capital) b. Principle #1: People face trade-offs, government also faces them, the main one the gov. faces is efficiency vs. equity i. Efficiency is when everyone who makes the most, keeps the most money ii. Equity would be if everyone was taxed the same c. Principle #2: The cost of something is what you give up iii. Opportunity cost = the measurement of trade-off you give up something you can have later, to get something now d. Principle #3: Rational people think at the margin iv. They do what’s best for them and maximize benefits v. Think at the margin = thinking about the NEXT one vi. Margin=small incremental changes e. Principle #4: People respond to incentives vii. Prices are major incentives viii. Taxes/tax credit f. Principle #5: Trade can make everyone better off ix. Everybody can specialize x. More variety of goods xi. Doesn’t always make everyone better off ex: Jamaica, NAFTA xii. One partner can be strong and over power others g. Principle #6: Markets are a good way to organize economic activity xiii. People are guided by self-interest xiv. Markets are where consumers and suppliers come together and trade-off occurs h. Principle #7: The government can improve market outcomes xv. Main act of government – enforce property rights xvi. Government can step in if there’s market failureexternalities occur (taxes can be enforced for cigarettes), people who aren’t in the market are ffected xvii. Government can step in when there’s market power xviii. Monopoly/oligopoly-government might step in 2) Chapter 2: What does it mean to think like an economist? i. Objectively j. Scientific method xix. Observe, hypothesis, identify variables, collect data, test hypothesis, draw a conclusion k. Difficult to conduct a controlled experiment in economics l. Circular Flow Diagram = money and goods and services flow from input marketoutput market xx. Flow of Money: Market for factors of production (input market) households get income spending on markets of goods and services (output market) which generates revenue for firmswhich pay wages and rent for factors of production xxi. Flow of goods and services: Market for factors of production (input market) buys factors (land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship)firms which sell goods and servicesto market of gas and serviceswhich buy goods and services from households, which sell factors to market for factors of production xxii. This marketing is missing government, trade, savings, black market activities and charity work/non-profits m. Production Possibilities Frontier: how much a country can produce xxiii. Assumptions: one country, two goods, resource = labor xxiv. Bowed out PPF due to different resources (L) xxv. Opportunity cost increases with bowed out PPF because it takes more and more to make one more of the good xxvi. Any points along the PPF are efficient, outside the curve are not feasible and inside the curve is inefficient xxvii. Efficiency means we maximize our resources xxviii. To get more of the good, you have to give up some of the other good xxix. More resources for both goods increase: entire curve shifts out xxx. More resources for just one good increase: curve shifts on one side only xxxi. If the PPF is straight, it’s because there are multiple resources for both goods xxxii. Just stating a fact = positive statement and normative statement = subjective 3) Chapter 3: Absolute and Comparative Advantage n. Absolute advantage is when you make something more efficiently than someone else, so that less is required, which means less opportunity cost xxxiii. Assumptions: 2 people who can make goods, 2 goods that both people want to consumer, time is the only input, both people want to consume both goods and they’ll only trade if they can produce one good xxxiv. Each person works 8 hrs. per day o. Farmer can produce 8 donuts and 32 cups of coffee; Baker can produce 24 donuts and 48 cups of coffee xxxv. The baker has absolute advantage because he can make more donuts and more coffee than the farmer in 8 hrs. xxxvi. Graphing: use points (8, 0) and (0, 32) for farmer’s PPF and CPF (consumption possibilities frontier). Use points (24, 0) and (0, 48) for baker’s PPF and CPF p. Trade deal: Farmer will make only coffee (which is all 32 cups of coffee in 8 hrs. ), baker offers farmer 5 donuts for 15 cups of coffee xxxvii. Trade increases variety xxxviii. Farmer ends up with +5 donuts and – 15 cups coffee = 5 donuts and 17 cups coffee q. Comparative advantage is when you have a lower opportunity cost xxxix. The opportunity cost of one donut for the farmer is 4 cups of coffee and for the baker is 2 cups of coffeebaker is comparative advantage in donuts because of lower opportunity cost xl. The opportunity cost for one cup of coffee for the farmer is ? donut and for the baker is ? donutfarmer has opportunity cost in coffee because of lower opportunity cost r. The price range after the trade deal will lie between opportunity cost of both people, so both are better off xli. 2 cups of coffee ? P ? 4 cups of coffee 4) Chapter 4: Supply and Demand s. Assumptions: one good, one market, market is perfectly competitive (many buyers and sellers, all goals are the same across firms and price takers) t. Demand xlii. Demand curve shows relationship between price and willingness to buy (P and Qd) xliii. Quantity demanded (Qd) is the amount consumers are willing and able to buy xliv. LAW OF DEMAND: P, Qd = negative correlation xlv. Market demand is the sum of individuals’ demands xlvi. Variables that increase or decrease demand: IP-TEN 1. Income a. I, Qd = Normal good b. I, Qd = Inferior good 2. Price of related goods c. Pa, QDb = Substitutes d. Pa, QDb = Complements 3. Taste and preferences 4. ExpectationsEx: when you except the price of a good to increase later on, you will buy more now when it’s cheaper 5. Number of buyersMore buyers = higher demand u. Supply xlvii. Supply curve shows relationship between Price and Quantity supplied (P and Qs) xlviii. Quantity supplied is the amount sellers are willing and able to sell xlix. LAW OF SUPPLY: P, Qd = Positive correlation l. Variables that shift supply curve: I-TEN 6. Input price (Ex: wages increase) e. IP, Qs f. IP, Qs 7. Technologyadvancement means Cost, Supply 8. Expectationsexcepting a technological advancement 9. Number of sellers g. # Sellers, Qs h. # Sellers, Qs v. Consider: market for hybrid cars li. Event: price of gasoline goes updemand is impactedP of gas so people will look for substitutesdemand for hybrids (curve shifts right) lii. Event: technology advance reduces cost of productionsupply impactedsupply because it’s easier and cheaper to produce (curve shifts right)P , Qs liii. Event (i) & (ii): P of gas & technology –>D and S both impactedD, SQ and P is ambiguous (depends on degrees of shifts and how you graph curve shifts) w. Consider: market for bus rides liv.

101 Proposal and Salsa Professor Ramos Blog

101 Proposal and Salsa Chips and Salsa Dont you hate it when you have too much of one and not enough of the other? There has to be the appropriate amount of chips to salsa for it to work, to taste good. Or Thinking Rhetorically. Examples Great Images End of Cisneros’ Stories The last stories are much more subtle in their messages than the first stories. To understand these stories you need to read carefully, closely, in between the lines. Try to figure out what is the author’s purpose. Why did the author write this? What is the authors purpose? What is the lesson or message? There was a Man, There was a Woman (133) There was a Man, There was a Woman Video Free Writing Five minutes of free writing on whatever story you are thinking about writing on. Try to connect to the topic you are thinking about and what the support is going to be. What scenes come to mind? Subgenres Thematic Interpretation focus on theme in story or stories Character Analysis Focus on character Close Reading Argue for your reading of the story Book Review Evaluate the merits of a book or story Author Extension Continue a story, write a new story in the style of Sandra Cisneros, Retell a story from the book. Sample Essays The Misfits Loving a Broken Girl The Hidden Complexities of Clemencia Proposal You can analyze a character, theme, or any of the items we will discuss in class. Pick something that interests you. An effective proposal has a narrow focus, clear thesis, includes primary claims, and context for why you think this is important to write about. Make sure you are annotating your book as you read so that you can easily find quotes and sections to include in your analysis paper. Questions: What is your topic? Why are you writing about this? Why does it interest you? Do you need to do any research to help with your analysis?

Best Private Schools Offering Summer Experiences

Best Private Schools Offering Summer Experiences Many folks hear the words summer camp and think of living in cabins for a month, swimming in lakes, and participating all kinds of outdoor activities, like archery and ropes courses. Rarely does the phrase summer camp make someone think about an opportunity to prepare for the upcoming school year. ​ On the other hand, many folks hear the words summer school and  think of the stereotypical student who failed a class or needs more credits to graduate. Rarely does the phrase summer school make someone think of a positive summer camp-style experience. What if we told you theres a middle ground? A summer experience thats both fun and educational? Its real. And some of the best private schools in the country are offering students unique educational opportunities that are way more than just your typical classroom experience.   Lets look at a few of the  unexpected opportunities  that you might find at a private schools summer program. Travel the World Summer camp doesnt have to be  limited to only one campsite. Some schools offer summer travel experiences, taking students around the world to experience life away from home. Proctor Academy in New Hampshire offers a summer service opportunity, which takes students to places like Guatemala for two-week sessions. See the World From 30,000 Feet in the Air Thats right, aspiring aviators can attend a summer camp at Randolph-Macon School in Virginia. Students get the chance to participate in a highly specialized program  leading towards taking a solo flight in a Cessna 172.   Space Camp and Sustainability Sustainability is a popular topic at private schools  and is one that has led to several summer camp programs designed to educate students and get them thinking about how we can better serve the planet Earth. One such program exists at Cheshire Academy in Connecticut, which offers two different tracks from which students can choose for their summer study. One track focuses on the impact of humans on the earth, while the other takes a new approach to a space camp by exploring both the oceans and space. You even get to take field trips and even launch rockets - and were not just talking about small model rockets!   Learn a New Language For students looking to come to the United States for a boarding school experience, a summer camp can be a great way to master their English language skills. ELL/ESL students can often greatly benefit from these highly specialized summer classes that are often several weeks long and designed to immerse students in an English language environment. This not only helps participants to master their speaking, reading, and writing skills, but also gives them a preview of what dorm life is like, making the adjustment to boarding school in the fall a little easier. Some schools even offer an accelerated program, like New Hampton School in New Hampshire.   Get a Competitive Edge in Athletics Aspiring athletes, especially those looking to improve their skills in order to play varsity sports at private school, can benefit from a summer camp focused on athletics. Starting to participate in these camps during middle school can be a great way for high school coaches to see a student athletes drive and potential, which means building relationships with the school even before the admission season arrives. Athletic camps are available for the more novice student-athletes, as well, helping those players still learning the game to prepare to play on a sports team at a  private school for the first time. Baylor School in Tennessee offers a camp that meets the needs of both the competitive athlete and the recreational athlete.   Perfect a Creative Craft Young artists can find numerous private schools that offer creative summer camp experiences, ranging from drama and dance to music and drawing. And, some of the best private school programs even offer creative writing and literary-focused programs, as well as digital photography and animation courses. The opportunities for creative expression are endless, and the levels of experience can vary. While some schools, like the Putney School in Vermont, offer a wide variety of workshops for artists of all experience levels and interests, other schools take a more specialized approach. The Idyllwild Arts Academy in California offers intensive two-week programs as part of the  Idyllwild Arts Summer Program. These programs can sometimes help students looking to attend competitive art schools for college get a head-start on art portfolios. Try Your Hand at a Non-Traditional Trade Some schools offer incredibly unique programs, like Emma Willards Rosies Girls camp. Drawing inspiration from the fictional character Rosie the Riveter, the boarding school in New York offers girls the chance to experience what its like to work in  carpentry, automotive repair, masonry, and other non-traditional trades.

Walmart Just In Time focus on procurement and distribution, logistics Research Paper

Walmart Just In Time focus on procurement and distribution, logistics management processes and benefits of process for Walmart - Research Paper Example In this context, this study focuses on the Just in time inventory system and the logistics management Wal-Mart is using. Just-in-Time Concept of Inventory Many authors defined just in time inventory (JIT) system differently, but it all refers to a system wherein materials are delivered just in time for its use whether in manufacturing or selling. In JIT system, it has been the practice of companies like Wal-Mart to schedule purchases and production only as needed to meet actual consumers’ demand. The purpose of this system is to reduce inventories to a minimum level, or wherever possible to a â€Å"zero level† (Accounting for Management, n.d.). As the concept would suggest, JIT for Wal-Mart is a cycle that means products for sale are received from supplier just in time to replenish the stocks on the shelves, thereby reducing inventories from their previous level. The Just in time inventory system has been applied at every stores of Wal-Mart, and as observed, the secret lies in its sophisticated just in time logistics system found in the RFID technology. The system has provided Wal-Mart a continuous tracking, real-time sales feedback from every store and plot stock depletion rates so they can arrange new deliveries just as existing supplies are about to run out. The illustration below depicts a Just in-time system inventory management that begins with the order of the customer, and the processes that channels the ordering system. JIT system is ideal for manufacturing and merchandising concerns that tends to eliminate too much inventories which are not needed in the manufacturing or sale immediately. Source of diagram: (Accounting for Management.com) The logistics management of Wal-Mart, an introduction to RFID In order to understand the complexity of Wal-Mart operations and why there is a need for a logistics management process, an insight to its structure is presented. Wal-Mart manages retail stores worldwide in a range of set-up. Its segments inc lude US market, International market and the on line ordering system. The US segment carries almost all items ordinarily found in a supermarket store, or may be easier said, â€Å"ask it, Wal-Mart has it† (WMT Profile). The international segment has various formats of stores and restaurants that include a combination of discount and grocery stores, supermarkets, supercenters, cash and carry stores, hypermarkets, general merchandise stores and the Sam Clubs. The Sam Club segment, which is available thru membership, carries merchandise, hard and soft goods and selected private-label items. Profile of Wal-Mart stores showed the following number of stores as of January 31, 2010 (Table1). Table 1 Number of Wal-Mart Retail Stores as of January 31, 2010 Number of stores Location Number of stores Location 803 discount stores United States 43 Argentina 2,747 supercenters United States 434 Brazil 1158 neighborhood markets United States 317 Canada 596 Sam Clubs United States 252 Chile 1 70 Costa Rica 77 El Salvador 164 Guatemala 53 Honduras 1 India 371 Mexico 55 Nicaragua 56 Puerto Rico 371 United Kingdom 279 Peoples Rep. of China Source: Yahoo Finance, 2010. Wal-Mart Stores Profile Logistics management process of Wal-Mart In the above scenario of retail stores, tracking of individual products in its different chains and warehouses is a difficult task. This would need an efficient system of monitoring and control such that Wal-Mart saw a need for a

Swallowing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Swallowing - Essay Example It is anticipated that this review will contribute to the self-learning of the author, as well as extending on insights and understandings of dsyphagia within the literature at this present time. The trigeminal nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves. It is very important in swallowing due to its afferent control of general sensation to the face, teeth, gum, muscles of mastication and the anterior two thirds of the tongue (Miller, 2006). Its efferent control is of the muscles for mastication. Innervating the tensor velar palatine, the trigeminal is partly responsible for the flattening and tensing of the soft palate. Innervations of the extrinsic laryngeal muscle results in the nerve's support for the upward and anterior movements of larynx. The facial nerve's main function is its motor portion; although, its afferent portion is involved in taste sensation from the anterior two thirds of the tongue (Miller, 2006). It provides motor innervations to the sublingual and submaxillary salivary glands. More specifically, it is involved in swallowing by regulating the lip sphincter and the buccal muscles, which allows food to be held inside the mouth and also assists in pulling the larynx up and back. The glossopharyngeal (GPN) is composed of the lingual branch of the GPN (GPN-li) and the GPN-ph. Its sensory portion transits inputs from the posterior third of the tongue, the velum and the pharynx, which includes the tonsils (Miller, 2006). The glossopharygeal nerve gathers sensation from the fauces, the palatine tonsil, upper pharynx, and the back third of the tongue. Sensory fibers carry taste information from the posterior one third of the tongue. Afferent input is received from receptors located in the larynx and these are carried primarily to the superior laryngeal nerve, also known as the cough center of the medulla. The motor portion communicates outputs to the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle and also innervates the stylopharyngeal muscle, which, together with the palatopharyngeus muscle (X nerve), elevates the palate. The stylopharyngeus muscle dilates the pharynx laterally and contributes to the elevation of pharynx and larynx. Vagus (X)The vagus nerve (X) is the most dominant cranial nerve during the swallowing process. The vagus nerve is the major efferent for the pharyngeal constrictors and is the major afferent for the middle and inferior portions of pharynx (Miller, 2006). It supplies also main efferent innervations to the palatal muscles. Branches of the vagus nerve attach to muscles of the larynx and pharynx. It is also known as the nucleus ambiguous, and it innervates branchial arch muscles of the pharynx and larynx as well as the muscles of the upper esophagus and uvula. Branches also extend to the, glossopalantine, levator veli palatine and the palatoglossus muscles making it primarily responsible for palatal functioning. One of the motor nuclei transmits motor output to the pharyngeal constrictor muscles and in this way can completely control the intrinsic musculature of the larynx. Moreover, taste buds on the root of the tongue and on the epiglottis contribute special visceral afferent fibers t o the superior laryngeal branch. General visceral afferent fibers convey sensation from the lower pharynx, larynx, trachea, and esophagus. Together with the