Session Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Session Planning - Essay Example However, these requirements are different for Bass players. They will play directly from our solid-state pre amps and direct boxes for direct recording. Please be advised to use strings in your guitar and don’t forget to tune them a several times before the session for the correct pitch. For keyboardists, please note to bring your own keyboards and its stand. You are required to bring your own power cables, pedals and manuals. Although, we have different MIDI gear and other devices available at the studio but we would advise you to use your own for better sound quality. Similarly, Drummers need to bring their own drums to the studio on the day of session. Before final recordings make sure the heads are newly installed along with pedals that do not squeak at all. Drums should be finely tuned before the session. For vocalist, please rehearse again and again to know the notes and lyrics by heart. Make sure you know all the highs and lows of the notes required in your song. Musicians required will be: One drummer, one keyboardist, two bass guitarists, one on electric guitars, a vocalist with three background supporting vocalists and other musicians if required any by the band. The setting of the musicians is set apart so their mics will not interfere with each other. We have made sure that there should be enough distance between vocalist and the drummer and between the guitarists and the keyboardists. There are 9 tracks to be played in the session. 5 out of 9 tracks will be recorded on acoustic guitars whereas; the remaining 4 songs will be pop/country. They would be the unplugged low versions. Each day each song will be given approximately 5-6 minutes during the entire session including the rehearsals. The people apart from the musicians will consist of our technical team, studio engineer, sound engineer and the management. Please avoid bringing any

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay In the novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, readers encounter a White boy named Huckleberry Finn, whom is raised in a society where there is prejudice towards African-Americans that are mostly slaves. Over the course of the novel, Huckleberry slowly detaches himself from society through his actions and his lies, such as helping Jim become a â€Å"free nigger† (Twain 27). As Huckleberry’s journey with helping Jim become a free man goes on, he gradually separates himself from society. In the beginning of the novel, Huckleberry is treated as an outcast as he attains it from his father. For example, â€Å"They call that govment! A man can’t get his rights in a govment like this. Sometimes I’ve a mighty notion to just leave the country for good and all† (Twain 26). In the selection, Huckleberry’s ‘pap’ is basically complaining about the atrocious society they are living and how it is a society that is corrupt. This is important because Mark Twain uses ‘pap’ as a symbol of negative influence towards Huckleberry and this leads the runaway boy into becoming more self-reliant. By assisting Jim in becoming a sole individual, Huckleberry begins to understand that society is unjust by its views and is being unfair about African-Americans. This is shown later on in the novel when Huckleberry says, â€Å"I didn’t answer prompt. I tried to, but the words wouldn’t come†¦ ‘I wish you would,’ says I, ‘because it’s pap that’s there, and maybe you’d help me tow the raft ashore where the light is. † At this point in the novel, Huckleberry meets two men on a â€Å"skiff† that are searching for â€Å"runaway niggers†, however he is reluctant to give Jim up and then faces an internal conflict whether or not to trust his own instincts or follow up on what society believes is ‘right’ (Twain 90). As a result, Huckleberry chooses to lie to the two men and breaks off from society’s morals and values. By his own decisions and lies, Huckleberry chooses to follow his own moral values and instincts. Towards the end of the novel, Huckleberry states, â€Å"‘All right, then, I’ll go to hell’ –and tore it up. It was awful thoughts, and awful words, but they was said. And I let them stay said; and never thought no more about reforming†¦ I would go to work and steal Jim out of slavery again† (Twain 215). Towards the end of the novel, Jim is captured on the Phelp’s farm and Huckleberry decides to write a letter to Miss Watson, his old caretaker; however, he reminisce the journey he has been through with Jim, and resolves to free Jim. Therefore by doing so, Huckleberry sets himself free from society’s moral views. There are many occurrences in the novel where Huckleberry breaks off with society’s views, whether if it is by his choices made or by his lies. One major point that shows Huckleberry does not follow society’s standards is when he helps Jim become a free individual. His choice to not give up Jim reveals that Huckleberry has developed his own self-reliance from society’s perspective. Work Cited Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1887. Print.

St. Johns Wort...A Peculiar Name for an Interesting Plant :: Botany

St. John's Wort...A Peculiar Name for an Interesting Plant There is an illness that afflicts about 17.6 million American adults each year. In the U.S., it is the number one reason that someone consults a family physician. It costs the economy more than ulcers, diabetes, arthritis or hypertension. What is this mysterious illness? -- It is depression. Depression has been treated in the past with prescription drugs such as Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil, but now more and more people are turning to the herbal "remedy" known as St. John's wort (3). St. John's wort, also known as Hypericum perforatum, has grown in popularity in the last several years. Its' popularity originated in Europe where it is prescribed and treated as a drug (5). In Germany, St John's wort extract is prescribed 8 times more often than Prozac for depression (7). In the United States, retail sales of St. Johns wort climbed by almost 3,000% during the past year (5)! This herbal is effective for mild to moderate depression and can also help those who have troubles sleeping (2). Even though St. John's wort seems like the perfect remedy for mild to moderate depression, there can be drug interactions and side effects associated with it. St. John's Wort comes from a shrubby plant that has also been termed a weed. Its' flowers are yellow and are 5 petaled, 1-2 inches across, and bright yellow with dense tufts of stamens. Its' bloom period is in July. It can be found growing naturally in Kentucky and Tennessee, south to northern Florida, west to eastern Texas (4), and grows quite well in Northern California and Southern Oregon. Ancient Christian mystics named Hypericum after St. John the Baptist. "Wort" is an old English word for plant. The flowers were traditionally collected on June 24th, which is St. John's Day. The flowers were soaked in olive oil for several days to produce a blood red anointing oil, which symbolized St. John's blood (7). The active chemical in St. John's wort is hypericin. Dried extracts from harvested buds, blooms, leaves, and stems contain variable amounts of hypericin (6). It was once thought that this chemical interfered with MAO, which is an enzyme in the brain. The purpose of this enzyme is to destroy amines that make us feel good such as: serotonin, epinephrine, and dopamine. This chemical is what is responsible for the red color (3). This, however has been shown to be wrong recently. St. John's Wort...A Peculiar Name for an Interesting Plant :: Botany St. John's Wort...A Peculiar Name for an Interesting Plant There is an illness that afflicts about 17.6 million American adults each year. In the U.S., it is the number one reason that someone consults a family physician. It costs the economy more than ulcers, diabetes, arthritis or hypertension. What is this mysterious illness? -- It is depression. Depression has been treated in the past with prescription drugs such as Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil, but now more and more people are turning to the herbal "remedy" known as St. John's wort (3). St. John's wort, also known as Hypericum perforatum, has grown in popularity in the last several years. Its' popularity originated in Europe where it is prescribed and treated as a drug (5). In Germany, St John's wort extract is prescribed 8 times more often than Prozac for depression (7). In the United States, retail sales of St. Johns wort climbed by almost 3,000% during the past year (5)! This herbal is effective for mild to moderate depression and can also help those who have troubles sleeping (2). Even though St. John's wort seems like the perfect remedy for mild to moderate depression, there can be drug interactions and side effects associated with it. St. John's Wort comes from a shrubby plant that has also been termed a weed. Its' flowers are yellow and are 5 petaled, 1-2 inches across, and bright yellow with dense tufts of stamens. Its' bloom period is in July. It can be found growing naturally in Kentucky and Tennessee, south to northern Florida, west to eastern Texas (4), and grows quite well in Northern California and Southern Oregon. Ancient Christian mystics named Hypericum after St. John the Baptist. "Wort" is an old English word for plant. The flowers were traditionally collected on June 24th, which is St. John's Day. The flowers were soaked in olive oil for several days to produce a blood red anointing oil, which symbolized St. John's blood (7). The active chemical in St. John's wort is hypericin. Dried extracts from harvested buds, blooms, leaves, and stems contain variable amounts of hypericin (6). It was once thought that this chemical interfered with MAO, which is an enzyme in the brain. The purpose of this enzyme is to destroy amines that make us feel good such as: serotonin, epinephrine, and dopamine. This chemical is what is responsible for the red color (3). This, however has been shown to be wrong recently.

Resource Leveling

Resource Leveling Resource leveling is the process that ensures resource demand does not exceed resource availability. The ideal scenario would be a build up of resource usage at the beginning of the project and a reduction at the end of the project. However, the approach to resource leveling will also depend on whether resources are dedicated to a particular project or shared across several projects and whether there is a need to keep all resources fully utilized. Introduction: Resource leveling is a technique in project management that overlooks resource allocation and resolves possible conflict arising from over allocation.When project managers undertake a project, they need to plan their resources accordingly. This will benefit the organization without having the face conflicts and not being able to deliver on time. Resource leveling is considered one of the key elements to resource management in the organization. An organization starts to face problems if resources are not alloc ated properly i. e. some resource may be over allocated whilst others will be under allocated. Both will bring about a financial risk to the organization. The Two Key Elements of Resource Leveling:As the main aim of resource leveling is to allocate resource efficiently, so that the project can be completed in the given time period. Hence, resource leveling can be broken down into two main areas; projects that can be completed by using up all resources which are available and projects that can be completed with limited resources. Projects which use limited resources can be extended for over a period of time until the resources required are available. If then again, the number of projects that an organization undertakes exceeds the resources available. Then it's wiser to postpone the project for a later date.Structure of Resource Leveling: Many organizations have a structured hierarchy of resource leveling. A work based structure is as follows. * Stage * Phase * Task/ Deliverable All of the above mentioned layers will determine the scope of the project and find ways to organize tasks across the team. This will make it easier for the project team to complete the tasks. In addition, depending on the three parameters above, the level of the resources required (seniority, experience, skills, etc. ) may be different. Therefore, the resource requirement for a project is always a variable which is corresponding to the above structure.Establishing Dependencies: The main reason for a project manager to establish dependencies is to ensure that tasks get executed properly. By identifying correct dependencies from that of incorrect dependencies allows the project to be completed within the set time-frame. Here are some of the constraints that a project manager will come across during the project execution cycle. The constrains a project manager will face can be categorized into three categories. * Mandatory: These constraints arise due to physical limitations such as experi ments. * Discretionary: These are constraints based on preferences or decisions taken by teams. External: Often based on needs or desires involving a third party. The Process of Assigning Resources: For resource leveling to take place, resources are delegated with tasks (deliverables) which needs execution. During the starting phase of a project, idealistically the roles are assigned to resources (human resources) at which point the resources are not identified. Later these roles are assigned to specific tasks which require specialization. Leveling of Resources Resource leveling helps an organization to make use of the available resources to the maximum. The idea behind resource leveling is to reduce wastage of resources i. . to stop over allocation of resources. Project manager will identify time that is unused by a resource and will take measures to prevent it or making an advantage out of it. By resource conflicts, there are numerous disadvantages suffered by the organization, su ch as: * Delay in certain tasks being completed * Difficulty in assigning a different resource * Unable to change task dependencies * To remove certain tasks * To add more tasks * Overall delays and budget overruns of projects Resource leveling Techniques: Critical path is a common type of technique used by project managers when it comes to resource leveling.The critical path represents for both the longest and shortest time duration path in the network diagram to complete the project. However apart from the widely used critical path concept, project manager's use fast tracking and crashing if things get out of hand. * Fast tracking: This performs critical path tasks. This buys time. The prominent feature of this technique is that although the work is completed for the moment, possibility of rework is higher. * Crashing: This refers to assigning resources in addition to existing resources to get work done faster.Associate with additional cost such as labor, equipment etc. Conclusion : Resource leveling is aimed at increasing efficiency when undertaking projects by utilizing the resources available at hand. Proper resource leveling will not result in heavy expenditure. The project manager needs to take into account several factors and identify critical to non critical dependencies to avoid any last minute delays of the project deliverables. Why is there a need for resource leveling? If resources are not leveled, resources are either over allocated or under allocated (or both).Overallocation means the scheduled work is not likely to occur (or the resource may be annoyed, overworked or burned out). Under allocation means suboptimal utilizing and billing of resource, lowering of profitability. Lastly, your schedule won’t be accurate, unless resources are correctly loaded. Over-allocation can occur as the result of various events: * Increased work on a task that causes the finish date to overlap with another already assigned task. * A forecasted finish that c auses a task to slip also delaying a successor dependency to start late. Full time assignments to tasks that start and end at the same time or overlap. In the perfect world of dedicated project resources, resolving these conflicts is more a decision of whether the project schedule has sufficient slack to accommodate leveling or whether the current schedule is not constrained by hard finish dates. In organizations that share resources across projects the contention for critical resources and trying to ensure that they are aligned with most important initiatives often leaves project plans with over-allocations that are not only impossible to meet but also impossible to deliver. Read also: Conveyor Belt Project

Income Smoothing

Journal of Economics, Business and Accountancy Ventura Accreditation No. 110/DIKTI/Kep/2009 Volume 14, No. 1, April 2011, pages 59 – 78 THE THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTION OF INCOME SMOOTHING MEASUREMENT Alwan Sri Kustono Jember University E-Mail: [email  protected] com Tegal Besar Permai 2-E1,Jember,Propinsi Jawa Timur,Indonesia ABSTRACT The income smoothing is a dimension of the accounts manipulation theme that has been a ttracting a great attention in the accounting literature. A goal of manipulation widely as cribed to managers is the desire to smooth.Reported income, Income smoothing reflects reducing the possible income fluctuations so as to make it as stable as possible throughout the ism. Almost of income smoothing research in Indonesia used Eckel’s index to clasify smoother non smoother firms. Empirical evidences have provided support for the existence of an income smoothing behavior. The studies showed inconsistent about factors determining this smoothing. The purp ose of the present investigation is twofold. First, we seek to determine if Eckel index is a reliable instrument to measure income smoothing behavior.Second, we pretend to identify the new instrument to measure incidence of income smoothing. Our research sample comprises manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, over period of 1999-2008. This study confirms Eckel’s index is not reliability instru ment. The new proposed index quantifies the incidence of income smoothing without depend on n periods. The results imply that researchers should re-examine the conclusion of previous studies, particularly that determinant, factors and effect of income smoothing practices. Key words: income smoothing, Eckel’s index, c oefficient of variation, reliability.INTRODUCTION It has been noticed that income statement is considered as one of the statements to be presented in financial reporting. For that reason, the company’s earning is considered vital infor mation for it can be used to measure the corporate performance. In other words, information of the earning can be used to assess the performance or accountability of management and also predict the ability of companies in the effort of contributing to the following earning. In general, earning reporting is frequently not free from the accounting manipulation. Yet it appears different from the fraudulence.Accounting manipulation can be still in tolerant when it is put in the accounting rules. In contrast, fraudulence practices tend to be against the rules and accounting standards. Thus, it is delicately different from income smoothing. In fact, one 59 of the practices of accounting manipulation is income smoothing. In connection with the pursuit of analyzing income smoothing in the companies, some definitions of it can be inferred. First of all, income smoothing is defined as the emphasis on the fluctuations in income levels that are considered normal for the company (Barnea et al. 1 976). For another thing, Beidleman, (1973) defines income smoothing as the management efforts to reduce abnormal variations in the earning to the extent permitted by the principles of good management and accounting. Income smoothing in such instances, is as a tool used by management to reduce the variability of reported income stream relative to the target which is intentionally smoothed by using artificial or real variable. In addition, income smoothing is one-dimensional manipulation of accounts that attract the atten- ISSN 2087-3735 The Theoretical Construction †¦ (Alwan Sri Kustono) ion of many accounting literature in the realm of earnings management. Beside, income smoothing reflects the concern to reduce the possibility of fluctuations in income by making a steady flow Research on income smoothing in Indonesia generally examine several factors which are allegedly to motivate management to do income smoothing. They identify the existence of such practices and followed by testing management motivation. The results of these studies have identified those most public companies in Indonesia have conducted income smoothing. All in all, most of the studies are uniform in terms of inferring he end results. Testing the triggering factor of income smoothing policy by the company management has not consistently been recovered. Among the results of such studies are often inconsistent to one another. For example, Kustono (2010) stated that the inconsistency of their findings was caused by the measuring devices. These devices are thought to be unreliable. For example, Index Eckel does not have the ability to capture the practice of income smoothing between periods. In that situation, it shows that some companies are classified by grading only in one particular year.This is considered to have deviated from the definition of income smoothing. The classification based on Eckel index for one company may also change because of changes in the period used to determine t he coefficient of variation. Change of classification shows that the index is not reliable as a tool. In other words, Eckel is as an identifier of smoothing and not merely for smoothing. Kustono (2010) asserted the idea of the need for new instruments. This research is intended to correct weaknesses of the Eckel and construct an index measuring instrument which is more reliable income smoothing factor.This construction is very important because the use of measuring instrument error will cause errors either in the phase of conclusions related to the classification of sample or the determinants and impact of such classification. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK It is a fact that income smoothing becomes a phenomenon which has been often proved in some previous studies. This practice has been investigated through various levels of different samples. Furthermore, income smoothing is considered to be an important factor. Research by Moses (1987) and Atik & Sensoy (2005) shows that at least 60% of h e sample used in the study can be classified as smoothing the company earnings. Another proponent, such as Barnea et al. (1976) classified accounting income smoothing as inter-temporal smoothing and classification. Inter-temporal smoothing is based on the situation when cost and expenses are recognized and smoothing classification is done with the classification under ordinary cost and extraordinary one in which the ordinary post finally becomes flat. Eckel (1981) distinguishes between income smoothing as a natural smoothing and intended smoothing. Natural smoothing is he alignments resulting from transactions that inherently produce a smoothed earning. In other words, the company's operations to generate income by collecting revenues and expenses are inherently to eliminate fluctuations in income flows. In other words, the process of generating income itself generates a stream of smoothed income. Alignment occurs without the intervention of any party. Income smoothing is accidental ly triggered by the motivation which is based on the management actions. There are two types of income smoothing: intentional, that is income smoothing of the real intention nd the other one is artificial income smoothing. Real income smoothing indicates management actions that seek to control economic conditions that directly affect corporate earnings in the future. In addition, this real income smoothing affects cash flow. On the contrary, artificial income smoothing can show manipulation which is undertaken by management to smooth the earning. Thus, the action of this manipulation resulted in a fundamental or economic condition that can affect cash flow, but shifts 60 Journal of Economics, Business and Accountancy Ventura Accreditation No. 10/DIKTI/Kep/2009 the cost and/or income from one period to another. By taking for granted, such a trend can be traced from several research. Some studies, in fact, have been conducted to identify the smoothing behavior, such as motivation and its impact on future transactions, a company that has been doing income smoothing. This can also be found in other studies such as (Lev & Kunitzky, 1974; Ammihud et al. , 1983, Wang & Williams, 1994; Michelson et al. , 1995; Iniguez & Poveda, 2004). These proponents also provide empirical support toward statement that management reduces he variability of cash flows and earning for the purpose of minimizing the risk of the company. Income smoothing is also intended to increase the value of the firm (Gordon, 1964; Trueman & Titman, 1988; Gibbins et al. , 1990; and Chaney & Lewis, 1995; 1998). Estimator of Income smoothing Income smoothing can only be investigated through some periods by suspecting a certain earning rate of the targeted, e. g. , both highand low-digits earning reports. Some researchers use a two-period model by assuming that the earning target is proportional to the income report in the previous year Copeland, 1968). In other words, the size of alignment is the magnitu de of changes in the earning from one year to the next. Other researchers also evaluated the earning target using multi-period test. The underlying assumption is that it should be an evenly increasing trend (Gordon, 1966). Some of the models used are the exponential model (Dascher and Malcolm, 1970), linear time series models (Barefield and Comiskey, 1972), time trend semi-logaritma (Beidleman, 1973) and model of the market return index (Ronen & Sadan, 1975). For example, Dopuch & Watts (1972) suggest the use ofBox-Jenkins techniques to ensure the alignment model is applicable. Models of earning target are differentiated from the real earning. Often, these models contain errors inherent profit target 61 Volume 14, No. 1, April 2011, pages 59 – 78 because its validity can not be detected empirically. In that case, Ronen & Sadan (1975) suggested that we do income smoothing approach. In particular, income smoothing can be identified if the researcher is faced by the following fo ur questions. 1. What is the object alignment implemented by the management? 2. What is the dimension of management s used to perform smoothing. 3. What instrument of smoothing is used by management 4. What is the object of such smoothing behavior? In connection with the above efforts, Imhoff (1977) and Eckel (1981) developed a methodology based on testing the variability of income associated with the variability of sales. The model used to predict the existence of income smoothing or earnings variation is inter-period variant. They assume that the level of earning depends on the level of sales. The basic idea is that the change in sales can affect the earning. If the variance of income is less than the variance f sales, it can be concluded that the smoothing has been done. Eckel (1981) model of the income smoothing is done by basing on the following premises. 1. Income is a linear function of the sales = sales-cost variable-fixed cost. 2. The ratio of variable costs to sales is in constant currency units 3. Fixed costs are constant or increasing from period to period, but not likely to decline. 4. Gross sales can only be smoothed by real smoothing; gross sales can not be artificially smoothed. Mathematically, Eckel illustrates all the above as the following: when, I=S-VS-FC, and FC;0, and FC t+1 ;=FC t, and 0

Water - Wine - Milk - Beer Chemistry Demonstration

Water - Wine - Milk - Beer Chemistry Demonstration Chemistry demonstrations in which solutions appear to magically change color leave a lasting impression on students and help instill an interest in science. Heres a color change demo in which a solution seems to change from water to wine to milk to beer simply be being poured into the appropriate beverage glass. Difficulty: Average Time Required: Prepare the solutions in advance; demo time is up to you Heres How: First, prepare the glassware, since this demonstration relies on the presence of chemicals added to the glasses before the water is added.For the water glass: Fill the glass about 3/4 full of distilled water. Add 20-25 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate with 20% sodium carbonate solution. The solution should have a pH 9.Place a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator in the bottom of the wine glass.Pour ~10 ml saturated barium chloride solution into the bottom of the milk glass.Place a very small number of crystals of sodium dichromate into the beer mug. Up to this point, the set-up can be performed in advance of the demonstration. Just prior to performing the demo, add 5 ml concentrated HCl to the beer mug.To perform the demonstration, simply pour the solution from the water glass into the wine glass. Pour the resulting solution into the milk glass. This solution is finally poured into the beer mug. Tips: Use goggles, gloves, and proper safety precautions when making the solutions and handling the chemicals. In particular, use caution with the conc. HCl, which can cause a serious acid burn.Avoid accidents! If you are using real drinking glasses, please reserve this glassware solely for this demonstration and take care that the prepared glassware is kept away from children/pets/etc. As always, label your glassware, too. What You Need: distilled water saturated sodium bicarbonate; 20% sodium carbonate ph9phenolphthalein indicatorsaturated barium chloride solution (aqueous)crystals of sodium dichromateconcentrated hydrochloric acidwater glasswine glassmilk glassbeer mug

Habits and Traits of Millipedes, Class Diplopoda

Habits and Traits of Millipedes, Class Diplopoda The common name millipede literally means thousand legs. Millipedes can have a lot of legs, but not nearly as many as their name suggests. If you compost your organic waste or spend any time gardening, youre bound to find a millipede or two curled up in the soil. All About Millipedes Like insects and spiders, millipedes belong to the phylum Arthropoda. This is where the similarities end, however, as millipedes belong to their own class- the class Diplopoda. Millipedes move slowly on their short legs, which are designed to help them push their way through the soil and vegetative litter. Their legs remain in line with their bodies, and number two pairs per body segment. Only the first three body segments- those of the thorax- have single pairs of legs. Centipedes, in contrast, have single pairs of legs on every body segment. Millipede bodies are elongate and usually cylindrical. Flat-backed millipedes, as you might guess, appear flatter than other worm-shaped cousins. Youll need to look closely to see a millipedes short antennae. Theyre nocturnal creatures that live mostly in the soil and have poor sight when they can see at all. The Millipede Diet Millipedes feed on decaying plant matter, functioning as decomposers in the ecosystem. A few millipede species may be carnivorous as well. Newly hatched millipedes must ingest microbes to help them digest plant matter. They introduce these necessary partners into their systems by feeding on fungi in the soil, or by eating their own feces. The Millipede Life Cycle Mated female millipedes lay their eggs in the soil. Some species lay eggs singly, while others deposit them in clusters. Depending on the type of millipede, the female may lay anywhere from a few dozen to several thousand eggs in her lifetime. Millipedes undergo incomplete metamorphosis. Once the young millipedes hatch, they stay within the underground nest until theyve molted at least once. With each molt, the millipede gains more body segments and more legs. It may take many months for them to achieve adulthood. Special Adaptations and Defenses of Millipedes When threatened, millipedes often curl into a tight ball or spiral in the soil. Though they cannot bite, many millipedes do emit poisonous or foul-smelling compounds through their skin. In some cases, these substances may burn or sting, and may even discolor your skin temporarily if you handle one. Some of the brightly colored millipedes secrete cyanide compounds. Large, tropical millipedes can even shoot a noxious compound several feet at their attackers eyes.

[WATCH] How women can advance in their careers despite failure

[WATCH] How women can advance in their careers despite failure Daily Fuel sat down with the President and CEO of one of the nation’s leading women’s business organizations; Terry Barclay of Inforum.   Terry shares the best advice she can offer to any aspiring professional, and provides some fascinating statistics involving women and their ability to advance in their careers.And while Terry is specifically speaking to women, her insights apply to everyone.   Listen as she talks about the importance of courage and how our ability to summon it at crucial moments at work can often determine whether we will lead the lives we imagine for ourselves.Source: [DailyFuel]

Working Capital Strategies Paper and Power Point Presentation Essay

Working Capital Strategies Paper and Power Point Presentation - Essay Example this the core concentration of the company is now on improving its operations and to attain a better position in the industry by deploying suitable cash management strategies. This particular report will focus on the different asset-liability management strategies that the company has adapted so far. The report analyses the results of the year 2006, 2007 and 2008. It also makes an assessment about the future cash management strategies that the company can adapt. Â   The end of financial year 2006 showed a steady increase in the Net sales for the company. The increase was more than US $ 9 billion, when compared to the figures of the financial year 2005. (Annual report Home Depot, 2006).Side by side the company’s net asset also increased to US $ 52.3 billion from US $ 44.4 billion in this particular year. (Annual report Home Depot, 2006). This increase in current assets is mostly due to the acquisition of Hughes Supply in the supply segment. Also apart from this the company made another major acquisition in China, in its retail segments. Thus the supply chains were made stronger as well as there was a steady strategic decision, which increased the number of outlets in the developing market of China. Due to all these facts it can be concluded that though the net sales of the company increased by 11.4% but the Net earnings remained same to US $5.8 billion, when compared to the previous year. (Annual report Home Depot, 2006). In fact the net earning as a percentage of net sales showed a decreasing trend. The cause for this decline can be twofold. Firstly it may be due to the increase in fixed asset of the company that year (which incurred a huge amount of cost), and it may also be due to the lowering of demand of the household appliances. The later fact is also reflected in the company’s balance sheet where it shows that weighted average weekly sales per operating store as well as the retail comparable store, as a percentage of total sales have decreased to some

Australian Hospital Pharmacy -career options and challenges Assignment

Australian Hospital Pharmacy -career options and challenges - Assignment Example These collaborative efforts aim at coming up with the most appropriate method for dealing with a patient’s problems or health. Numerous hospitals focus on particular fields like oncology or surgery. From 1996 to 1999, the general population of graduated pharmacists in Australia increased from 13,834 to 14,747 (The Pharmacist, 2011, p. 731). Shortly after this rise, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare projected a deficiency of pharmacy after 2010. On the contrary, health employers reported a surplus of pharmacists in Australia in 2011. There were 27,226 listed pharmacists by March 2013 in Australia. More than half of these pharmacists are over the age of 35 (The Pharmacist, 2011 p. 732). Hospital pharmacists early in their career in Australia can offer themselves an advantage in their lines of work market. These advantages are achievable by pursuing options in modern roles in Australian hospital pharmacy. The following is a list of the advantages. All professions make crucial contributions to the Australian community (Low, Hattingh, & Forrester, 2009, p. 231). Similarly, hospital pharmacists play a vital part in keeping patients healthy and industrious. Less than a decade ago, hospital pharmacy was a less rewarding profession than other types of pharmacy. Today, the odds have shifted. The part played by hospital pharmacists grew tremendously during the past five years. Today, hospital pharmacists operate in wards along with other medical professionals, playing an important part in the delivery of healthcare. Even though yearly income is still low for overall pharmacists in Australia, the working conditions for hospital pharmacists have improved significantly. The latest income survey indicated that the degrees of permanent job opportunities in hospital pharmacy are much more than for community pharmacists. In addition, their

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Organizational Behavior - Essay Example The managers always view conflict as something that is not good for the company and should be avoided at all costs. The managers who uphold the traditional view of conflict management argue that conflicts are responsible for destroying the organization. Therefore, they put measures that are designed to suppress any form of conflict. However, the suppression of conflict is the other cause of conflict. As such, the managers who use this strategy are not doing any good to the organization as they may think. On the other hand, the human relations view acknowledges that conflict is an integral part of life therefore it cannot be avoided in the organization (Zaidi,n.d). Conflict can either be good or bad for the company depending on the way it is handled. This view is also supported by Robbins (1993) who states that conflict is part of life and it can cause either positive or negative effects to the organization. The main reason why conflict exists is that human life is not static and peop le think but they tend to differ in certain circumstances. If properly managed, conflict can be healthy in an organization since it stimulates employees to be innovative in their operations. It also helps the members of the group to view things from a different perspective which can enable them to come up with solutions to the problems they may encounter in their operations. ... This also helps the employees in the organization to generate new ideas that can improve the performance of the organization. Of all the views discussed above, the interactionist view is ideal to the contemporary organization given that we are now operating in a knowledge economy where new ideas should be generated on a daily basis. This cannot happen naturally since people have different views and perspectives towards different things in their workplace. The traditional view is counterproductive since it assumes that conflict is bad for the firm. To a certain extent, the human relations view to conflict is good for the organization but for a short period. From these views, it can be seen that conflict, as long as it is not destructive to the organization should be encouraged. A crime is generally regarded as an unlawful act that is prohibited. In the event that a crime has been committed criminal justice agencies such as law enforcement as well as the courts among others can interve ne to correct the situation. Whether intentional or unintentional, violence is not condoned and that is the reason why criminal justice agencies are called to intervene. According to the U.S. Department of Justice (nd), â€Å"workplace violence has been widespread as a result of different causes.† This can be in the form of threats or actual physical violence. A good example of a criminal justice agency in the midst of functional conflict is where members in the group engage in a heated debate to such an extent that one may think that the situation will degenerate into violence. Given such a scenario, the criminal justice agencies can be called to quell the violence as well as to ensure that peace

Deregulation of Airline Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Deregulation of Airline Industry - Essay Example This turned away many potential investors’ as well international airlines to the restrictive measures that this body had put in place. This led to policy makers to rethink the operation in this industry and the contribution that the regulation imposed by the CBA affected the growth of this industry (Sinha, 2004). Therefore, in 1978 the Airline Deregulation Act was enacted in an effort to reverse the slow growth that this industry experienced. The main aims of this paper is critical analyze and evaluate the effects of deregulation to the major stake holders in this industry as well consider how it affected various micro economic variables (Smith & Cox, 2011). Before deregulation airline on competed on the basis of the quality of the cabin crew, the frequency in which the airline offered its services and other auxiliary services such food they offered to their client, price were fixed since they were regulated by the CBA (Smith & Cox, 2011). ... This increased completion among the existing airlines and the new airlines that were joining the market. Therefore, competition basis shifted from food and the frequency to the fares that airlines charged (Sinha, 2004). The increased competition which was being experienced in the market, led to establishment of low cost airlines such as the Ryanair in Europe after the European Union deregulated the airline industry. Low cost airlines charges lower prices so to facilitate their establishment in the market. The low cost airlines assumed that consumers of airlines service were rational that is there price responsive, therefore if the charged lower price they would be to capture a considerable proportion of the market (Krugman & Wells, 2009). Deregulation was advantages to the consumers of services from this industry since increases in supply caused the prices charged in this to decline as illustrated below by graph entitled average domestic airfares. Decline in the fares charged by the airlines was beneficial to consumers, since this increased consumer surplus (Krugman & Wells, 2009). In addition to this consumers had a wide variety to choose from; that is due to the increase in the number of airlines the consumers now had wide service provider to choose from. The quality of services offered in this industry also improved as compared to the time before deregulation. When the number of airline service provider increased in the market every airline had to brand its services as best in the market. This was beneficial to the customer as he obtained more quality services at cheaper prices (Sinha, 2004). The decrease in prices and improvement in quality fostered increased

Homestasis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Homestasis - Essay Example The urinary system consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. The metanephric kidneys in humans filter the blood and forms urine which is carried by the ureters to the urinary bladder where it is stored till it is passed out through the urethra. The reflex of voiding urine is known as micturition. If the urine content of the urinary bladder reaches more than 300ml, the reflex of micturition is triggered. The urine that is primarily formed by the kidneys is highly dilute and contains a lot of salts and other substances which are beneficial and useful to the body. The urine needs to be concentrated and the salts must be reabsorbed else all of the water and important salts would be excreted leading to salt and water imbalance in the body. This is where the role of the kidneys comes in. The fact is that the structure, function and location of the kidneys help in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. It was in 1902 that Hober coined the term osmoregulation; Osmoregulation is a collective of a number of processes that regulate water content, volume and movement. Each kidney is made up of about 1.25 million nephrons which are the prime functional units of the kidneys. It is the structure of nephrons that play the most pivotal role in maintaining the homeostatic balance of the body. The structure of the nephrons is complicated and consists of three major parts- Renal corpuscle (Bowman’s capsule and Glomerulus), Nephric Tubules (PCT, Henle’s loop and DCT) and Collective tubule. Each of the parts of the nephrons play important role in formation of urine and maintaining internal chemical balance. Bowman’s capsules act as Ultrafiltration and filters out water and other substances from the plasma as the blood flows through the glomerulus except for the blood cells and plasma proteins. The glomerulus filtrate so formed passes through the tubules. During this

Deregulation of Airline Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Deregulation of Airline Industry - Essay Example This turned away many potential investors’ as well international airlines to the restrictive measures that this body had put in place. This led to policy makers to rethink the operation in this industry and the contribution that the regulation imposed by the CBA affected the growth of this industry (Sinha, 2004). Therefore, in 1978 the Airline Deregulation Act was enacted in an effort to reverse the slow growth that this industry experienced. The main aims of this paper is critical analyze and evaluate the effects of deregulation to the major stake holders in this industry as well consider how it affected various micro economic variables (Smith & Cox, 2011). Before deregulation airline on competed on the basis of the quality of the cabin crew, the frequency in which the airline offered its services and other auxiliary services such food they offered to their client, price were fixed since they were regulated by the CBA (Smith & Cox, 2011). ... This increased completion among the existing airlines and the new airlines that were joining the market. Therefore, competition basis shifted from food and the frequency to the fares that airlines charged (Sinha, 2004). The increased competition which was being experienced in the market, led to establishment of low cost airlines such as the Ryanair in Europe after the European Union deregulated the airline industry. Low cost airlines charges lower prices so to facilitate their establishment in the market. The low cost airlines assumed that consumers of airlines service were rational that is there price responsive, therefore if the charged lower price they would be to capture a considerable proportion of the market (Krugman & Wells, 2009). Deregulation was advantages to the consumers of services from this industry since increases in supply caused the prices charged in this to decline as illustrated below by graph entitled average domestic airfares. Decline in the fares charged by the airlines was beneficial to consumers, since this increased consumer surplus (Krugman & Wells, 2009). In addition to this consumers had a wide variety to choose from; that is due to the increase in the number of airlines the consumers now had wide service provider to choose from. The quality of services offered in this industry also improved as compared to the time before deregulation. When the number of airline service provider increased in the market every airline had to brand its services as best in the market. This was beneficial to the customer as he obtained more quality services at cheaper prices (Sinha, 2004). The decrease in prices and improvement in quality fostered increased

Conservation of momentum Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conservation of momentum - Lab Report Example During the experiment one should ensure that at least three readings for a particular step are taken then an average of the reading obtained so as to minimize the errors of parallax. The experiment needs to be done at least twice to confirm the recorded values and minimize the errors. The stop watch and all the apparatus used for the experiment needs to be observed before the beggining of the experiment to ascertain their efficiency. The experiment could also be done in an area with vacuum conditions in order to minimize the interferences in obtaining the readings due to air resistance. The two values for V obtain in part 1 and part 2 are not as close as they are expected. This is so due to the errors during the experiment. Without errors, the two values of velocity should be the same. Reanalyzation of the tale values using the largest h fails to make any significant change in the final results of v (Susan 10). The fact is that the two values fail to be as close as they are expected to be. However repeating the entire experiment while avoiding the experimental errors may give out values that are close to the theoretical

Alternative Drink Industry Analysis Essay Example for Free

Alternative Drink Industry Analysis Essay 1. Do a complete five-forces analysis of competition in the global alternative drink industry, then tell me which of the five competitive forces is strong, weak, and why. Especially in the force of rivalry (one of the 5 forces), you must identify the market size, growth rate, profit margins, what are the main categories in the alternative drink industry, who are the major competitors and their relative sizes, the competition scope, the main competition weapons) 2. Briefly identify 6 to 7 key success factors in the alternative drink industry 3. What are the other economic traits that are outside the industry but still can affect all competitors (for example, overall economy trend, long term innovation, globalization, maturity stage of the industry, relevant legislation, etc. )? Briefly explain how these factors can affect the industry. Notes: 1.   What are the strategically relevant components of the global and U. S. beverage industry macro-environment? How do the economic characteristics of the alternative beverage segment of the industry differ from that of other beverage categories? Explain. The strategically relevant components of the global and U. S. beverage industry macro-environment: †¢ Global beverage companies such as Coca Cola and PepsiCo had relied on such beverages to sustain in volume growth in mature markets where consumers were reducing their consumption of carbonated soft drinks. †¢ Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, and other beverage companies were intent on expanding the market for alternative beverages by introducing energy drinks, sports drinks, and vitamin drinks in more and more emerging international markets. †¢ Beverage producers had made various attempts at increasing the size of the market for alternative beverages by extending existing product lines and developing altogether new products. †¢ Expanding the market for alternatives beverages and increasing sales and market share, beverage producers also were forced to content with criticism from some that energy drinks, energy shots, and relaxation drinks presented health risks for consumers and that some producers’ strategies promoted reckless behavior, the primary concern of most producers of energy drinks, sports drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages was how to best improve their competitive standing in the market place. †¢ Rapid growth in the category, coupled with premium prices and high profit margins made alternative beverages an important part of beverage companies’ lineup of brands. The Alternative Beverage Segment Help Companies to Sustain Volume Growth in Mature Markets Where Consumers Were Reducing Their Consumption of Carbonated Soft Drinks. Also the Alternative Beverage Industry Offered 2. What is competition like in the alternative beverage industry? Which of the five competitive forces is strongest? Which is weakest? What competitive forces seem to have the greatest effect on industry attractiveness and the potential profitability of new entrants? Competition from substitutes is substantial. There were many substitutes to alternative beverages such as tea, soft drinks, fruit juices, bottled water and tap water. Even though substitute products had a bigger market share in the US, consumers had tended to buy more alternative beverages. This change in customer preference had weakened the competitive power of substitute beverages. Convenience store, grocery store, and wholesale club buyers had substantial leverage in negotiating pricing and slotting fees with alternative beverage producers because of their large purchases. New brands with low market shares were most vulnerable to buyer leverage since shelf space was limited while top brands such as Red Bull were almost always assured of shelf space. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo were least vulnerable since they offered a wide variety of beverages that convenience stores, grocery stores, and wholesale clubs wished to offer to consumers. As a result of this certain appeal, the two companies’ alternative beverage brands almost always found shelf space in retail stores. The bargaining power and leverage of suppliers was the weakest competitive force. Many suppliers for alternative beverage ingredients and they fight with the others to sell their products. Packaging is readily available from many suppliers and is like a commodity. However, some rare ingredients providers had a moderate amount of leverage in negotiations with energy drink producers. Additionally, the producers of alternative beverages are important customers of suppliers and buy in large quantities. The threat of new brands varies by market maturity of each alternative beverage category. It has low threat for mature categories and moderate to strong in young categories. During the early stages of developing a category, when famous brand leaders had not been established, the threat of entry in alternative beverage categories remained strong. As a result, entrepreneurs launching new beverages with novel formulas or well-developed image campaigns could quickly gain market share among consumers. However, as the category matured, consumer preferences developed and shaped retailers’ purchasing decisions. Once the category had established, its brand leaders, it became much more difficult for new entrants to gain shelf space in convenience stores, supermarkets, and wholesale clubs. Therefore, in 2010, the threat of entry should be lower for all types of alternative beverages except energy shots and relaxation drinks. The competence among sellers of alternative beverage could be considered as the strongest competitive force. Among the sellers of energy drinks and other alternative beverages, competition is so strong and will grow stronger each year. Competition among major brands centers primarily on brand image, an appealing taste, attractive packaging, new product RD, sales promotions and endorsements, and gaining better access to shelf space and strengthening distribution capabilities. As for 2010, there was no evidence of strong price competition in any of the alternative beverage categories, which makes it difficult to argue that competitive rivalry is fierce or brutal. Factors that increase the strength of competitive rivalry included efforts on the part of industry rivals to expand the number and types of alternative beverages in their product lines, low switching costs on the part of consumers, active and aggressive efforts on the part of sellers to establish consumer brand loyalty, and strong emphasis on advertising, sales promotions, and endorsements. MLA Competition in Energy Drinks, Sports Drink, and Vitamin-Enhanced.    28 Sep. 2011. http://www.   Competition in Energy Drinks, Sports Drink, and Vitamin-Enhanced. StudyMode. com. September 28, 2011.

Issues with the US Education System

Issues with the US Education System Kevin Portillo Public Policy: Deficiencies with the Education in America With new accommodations, such as the internet, smart phones and other gadgets, education has found its way across various outlets. Since the late twentieth century, public schools have adopted new ways in which a student may learn through the interaction of innovative technology. However, even with these new developments, deficiencies in America’s education still exist. Unequal access to education, poor education management, and recently failed legislation have all contributed to the weak educational system in the United States. When we learn about the Civil Rights issues America faced early in its infant years as a nation, we learn that black slaves were treated unequally because the simple difference in the color of their skin. White overseers and masters would have their way and do as they pleased over them with no remorse because they were considered property, not humans. After generations of mistreatment, disrespect and brutality, freedom finally came to all former slaves. Soon after, the United States granted their freedom with addition of the 14th amendment in 1868 which gave them the right of due process and equal protection of the law. Now that African American’s were free and protected by the law, they began to make use of their rights by sending their kids to school with the white kids. This caused an uproar in the classrooms. Children are mirror images of the one’s that raised them, and since most of the white kid’s parents were not okay with the new freedoms of African Ameri cans, hatred and disorder were day to day issues at almost every public school in America. The problem, at the time, was not only from the children in these schools; teachers, staff and faculty members were a major obstacle for African American children to receive the same level of education as the neighboring, white children.Though African American children were on the spotlight of this educational gridlock, they were not the only race to encounter road blocks in their children’s education; any minority race or ethnicity were also thrown into the mix as races that did not belong. It took up until near the end of the century, for the issue to be tried at the Supreme Court in the case of Plessy v Ferguson. The court ruled that all establishments must be â€Å"separate but equal† to all private businesses. As a result of the ruling, minority races were forced to attend establishments that were specifically for them. For example, black children were not permitted to atten d the â€Å"white’s only† schools, drink from â€Å"white’s only† water fountains, eat at the â€Å"white’s only† cafe’s nor use the â€Å"white’s only† facilities and commodities. Instead they had their own places where minority groups may do the things the supreme white men, women, and children did. These separate accommodations and facilities were always found in poor condition and lacked basic maintenance. You could easily distinguish which facilities were for the white’s and which were not. The end of segregation, especially in schools, was when the Supreme Court overruled its precedent in 1886 with decision in the case of Brown v Board of Education. The integration of all races in schools and private businesses was in full effect. Though retaliation was expected, President Eisenhower was prepared with an executive order for all public schools to open their doors to all races. This ultimately marked the end of hostile tension between minority groups but did not cease the tension within the classroom. It took time for society to over overcome its ego but the day of unity in schools across America from minority and majority groups came towards the end of the century. Education is about fostering the intellectual and curious ones. Mandatory schooling ends at age 17 in Texas. When we graduate from High School, it’s up to us to decide whether we pursue greater knowledge or develop skills. However, unless our preceding educational background is positive, our interest in learning will weaken. TheOECD report notes that facilitating lifelong learning is â€Å"paramount†. Yet, instead of embracing the facts, schools across America are hampered by an excessive bureaucracy that seems to diffuse learning. Take the SAT. With its distinct multiple-choice question and its defining influence in college admissions, the SAT is both intellectually omnipotent in its shaping impact. Teachers are forced to â€Å"teach the SAT† rather than sparking interest in knowledge and ultimately diminishes the learning environment. In doing so, it fails to encourage exceptional students and it fails to support struggling students. It defers developmental cur iosity to college. In the end, the costs are clear. Those students who don’t go to college, are left behind. Those who do go to college, have to learn how to learn. Within the last decade, legislation such as the No Child Left Behind Act (President Bush, 2001), was a mandate for accountability on educational standards and emphasis on test results. In theory, it will improve the quality of public education for all students. Supporters believe that the act’s initiatives will further democratize U.S. education, by setting standards and providing resources to schools, regardless of wealth, ethnicity, disabilities or language spoken. Those that oppose it allege that the act hasnt been effective in improving education in public education, especially high schools, as evidenced by mixed results in standardized tests. They also claim that standardized testing is deeply flawed and biased for many reasons, and that stricter teacher qualifications have exacerbated the nationwide teacher shortage, not provided a stronger teaching force. Some critics believe that the federal government has no constitutional authority in the educational arena, and that federal involvement erodes state and local control over education of their children. In addition to these problems, the No Child Left Behind Act hindered those students who are one level above their peers. The act made schools focus on those who are at risk of fallen behind and leave the students who stride in the shadows. Also, since their is no general definition for the â€Å"gifted† nor a standard way of implementing â€Å"gifted education, then leads those students walking into a dark room and expecting them to come out with everything they need for the rest of their lives. The No Child Left Behind Act shifted the attention of the higher level students and turned it to facilitating at risk students who only need the bare minimum to pass. At a college level, students combat themselves with a new learning environment and are forced to dropout because they can’t afford to go to college just to sit in a class and be bewildered and fail the class. In conclusion, America has been seen as one of the worldwide leaders in industry. However, it is mostly because people from other countries come to do their business here. It is time for America to confront its mediocre education mentality and begin focussing on legislation that benefits the student body of the generations to come. Teachers need to stop worrying so much about teaching how to take a test and focus more on how to answer the problems given instead. They should focus on teaching and ensuring that lessons they’ve taught will stick to them for more than the time until a test but for a lifetime instead. The U.S should ensure the future of its education by urging more legislation that will benefit the youth and anyone seeking higher education. In the long run, America will benefit from having â€Å"home-grown† entrepreneurs, engineers, doctors, lawyers, law officials and teachers. Inspiring education today will guarantee America’s stability tomorrow.

The Effects of Divorce on Children Essay -- Divorce and Adolescent Dep

Introduction In America, about one in every two marriages will end in divorce. Around 60% of those divorcing couples have children. (Cherlin, 2012). Half of the marriages in America end in divorce, and more than half of those couples have children, which means that about every other divorce that is filed in America, a child is impacted. Between 850,000 and 950,000 divorces occur each year. (National Center for Health Statistics, CDC., 2014). Given that roughly 60% of those divorcing couples have at least one child, at least 510,000 children are affected a year. Estimates have been done to suggest that in the near future, 70% of divorces could involve children under the age of eighteen. (Block, Block, and Gjerde, 1986). Because of the large number of children in America having broken families, it is important to understand the effects of divorce on children’s' day to day lives so that they may be provided for in a proper and beneficial way. Changes in the Family There are many different outcomes that the effect of a divorce may have on a child. Though divorce isn't always a positive thing, sometimes there are scenarios where a family is better off this way. According to research, the bond maintained between parent and child is the main change that plays a factor on the child's outcome when a divorce happens. The relationships between parents and their children were found to be more influential than the parents’ marital status. Negative effects were null if relationships remained intact after the divorce. However, sometimes the ability to keep these relationships closely knit just isn't as simple as it was before the divorce. Keeping a relationship intact is especially difficult for the non-custodial parent. (He... ...du/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2012/02/Cherlin_JMFmarriagepaper.pdf Harvey, J. H., & Fine, M. A. (2004). Children of divorce stories of loss and growth. Jeynes, W. (2002). Divorce, family structure, and the academic success of children. New York: Haworth Press. Jost, K., & Robinson, M. Children and divorce. CQ Researcher, 1, 349-368. Stuart, I. R., & Abt, L. E.,. (1972). Children of separation and divorce. New York: Grossman Frank Trovato, (1987). A Longitudinal Analysis of Divorce and Suicide in Canada. Journal of Marriage and Family., Vol. 49., No. 1, pp.193-203. Robert H. Aseltine, Jr. (1996). Pathways Linking Parental Divorce With Adolescent Depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior., Vol. 37, No.2., pp.133-148. Satoshi Tsujimoto, (2008). The Prefrontal Cortex: Functional Neural Development During Early Childhood, Neuroscientist 14:345.

Amish`

BIOGRAPHY OF MAHATMA PHULE by Dr. Y. D. Phadke. for the bo†¦ http://www. dalitstan. org/books/slavery/slavry_b. html 1 of 6 6/23/2005 1:02 PM ——- O ——- Slavery by Mahatma Phule ——- O ——- Biography of Mahatma Phule Dr. Y. D. Phadke. [This brief Life Sketch of Mahatma Jotirao Phule is written by the noted the scholar Dr. Y. D. Phadke. He is the editor of the Collected Words of Mahatma Phule in Marathi. He is also an eminent scholar of Mahatma Phule and the Satyashodhak Movement. ] JOTIRAO GOVINDRAO PHULE occupies a unique position among the social reformers of Maharashtra in the nineteenth century.While other reformers concentrated more on reforming the social institutions of amily and marriage with special emphasis on the status and right of women, Jotirao Phule revolted against the unjust caste system under which millions of people had suffered for centuries. In particular, he courageously upheld the cause of the untouchabl es and look up the cudgels for the poorer peasants. He was a militant advocate of their right. The story of his stormy life is an inspiring saga of a continuous struggle whih he waged relentlessly against the forces of reaction.Though some keen observers of the social scene in Maharashtra like Narayan Mahadeo Parmananda did acknowledge his greatness in his lifetime, it is only in is only in recent decades that there is increasing appreciation of his service and sacrifice in uplifting the masses. Jotirao Phule was born in 1827. His father, Govindrao was a vegetable-vendor at Poona. Originally Jotirao's family known as Gorhays, came from Katgun, a village in the Satara district of Maharashtra, His grandfather Shetiba Gorhay settled down in Poona. Since Jotirao's father and two uncles served as florists under the last of the Peshwas, they came to be known as `Phule'.Jotirao's mother passed away when he was hardly one year old. After completing his primary education, Jotirao had to leav e the school and help his father by working on the family's farm. Jotirao's marriage was celebrated when he was not even thirteen. Impressed by Jotirao's intelligence and his love of knowledge two of his neighbours, one a Muslim teachr and another a Christian gentleman persuaded his father Govindrao to allow him to study in a secondary school. In 1841, got admission in the Scottish Mission's High School at Poona. It was in his this school that he met SadashivBIOGRAPHY OF MAHATMA PHULE by Dr.Y. D. Phadke. for the bo†¦ http://www. dalitstan. org/books/slavery/slavry_b. html 2 of 6 6/23/2005 1:02 PM Ballal Govande, a Brahmin, who remained a close friend throughout his life. Both Jotirao and Govande were greatly influenced by Thomas Paine's ideas and they read with great interest Paine's famous book ‘The Rights of Man. ‘ Moro Vithal Valvekar and Sakharam Yashwant Paranjapye were two other Brahmin friends of Jotirao who in later years stood by him in all his activities. After completing his secondary education in 1847 Jotirao decided not to accept a job under the Government.An incident in 1848 made him aware of the iniquities of the caste system, the predominant position of the Brahmin in the social setup. He was invited to attend a wedding of one of his Brahmin friends. As the bridegroom was taken in a procession, Jotirao accompanied him along with the relatives of his Brahmin friends. Knowing that Jotirao belonged to the Mil caste which was considered to be inferior by the Brahmins, the relatives of the bridegroom insulted and abused him. Jotirao left the procession and retuned home. With tears in his eyes, he narrated his experience to his father who tried to pacify him.After this incident Jotirao made up his mind to defy the caste-system and serve the Shudras and women who were deprived of all their rights as human beings under the caste-system. Education of women and the lower castes, he believed, deserved priority, Hence he began educating hi s wife Savitribai and opened a girls' school in August 1848. The orthodox opponents of Jotirao were furious and they started a vicious campaign against him. He refused to be unnerved by their malicious propaganda. As no teacher dared to work in a which untouchable were admitted as students, Jotirao asked his wife to teach the girls in his school.Stones and brickbats were thrown at her when she was on her way to the school. The reactionaries threatened Jotirao's father with dire consequences if he did not dissociate himself Yielding to the pressure, Jotirao's father asked his son and the daughter in-law to leave his house as both of them refused to give up their noble endeavor. Though the school had to be closed for sometime due to lack of funds, Jotirao re-opened it with the help of his Brahmin friends Govande and Valvekar. On 3 July 1851, he founded a girls' school in which eight girls were admittedon the first day. Steadily the number of student increased.Savitribai taught in this school also and had to suffer a lot because of hostility of the orthodox people. Jotirao opened two more girl's schools during 1851-52 in a memorial addressed to the Education Commission (popularly known as the Hunter Commission ) in 1882, he described his activities in the field of education, ` A year after the institution of the female school I also established and indigenous mixed school for the lower classes, especially the Mahars and Mangs. Tow more school for these classes were subsequently added. I continued to work in them for nearly nine to ten years'.Jotirao was aware that primary education among the masses in the Bombay Presidency was very much neglected. He argued that ‘a good deal of their poverty,BIOGRAPHY OF MAHATMA PHULE by Dr. Y. D. Phadke. for the bo†¦ http://www. dalitstan. org/books/slavery/slavry_b. html 3 of 6 6/23/2005 1:02 PM their want of self-reliance, their entire dependence upon the learned and intelligent classes' could be attribute to the Br itish Government for spending profusely a lar portion of revenue on the education of the higher classes. According to him. this policy resulted in the virtual monopoly of all the higher offices under the Government by the Brahmins.Jotirao boldly attacked the stranglehold of the Brahmins, who prevented others from having access to all the avenues of Knowledge and influence. He denounced them as cheats and hypocrites. He asked the masses to resist the tyranny of the Brahmins. All his writings were variation on this theme. His critics made fun of his ignorance of grammar and philology, his inelegant language and far-fetched interpretation of Indian history and the ancient texts. They brushed his criticism aside by saying that he was merely echoing what the Christian missionaries had said about the Indian society in general and Brahmin in particular.The established scholars in his time did not take Phule's arguments seriously. His critics did not realise that Jotirao's acrimonious criti cism was basically a spontaneous outburst of a genuine concern for the equal rights of human beings Emotionally he was so deeply involved in his work that he could not make a dispassionate analysis and take a detached view of the social forces. Jotirao's deep sense of commitment to basic human values made it difficult for him to restrain himself when he witnessed injustice and atrocities committed in the name of religion by those who were supposed to be its custodians.Widow remarriages were banned and child-marriage was very common among the Brahmin and other upper castes in the then Hindu society. Many widows were young and not all of them could live in a manner in which the orthodox people expected them to live. Some of the delinquent widows resorted to abortion or left their illegitimate children to their fate by leaving them on the streets. Out of pity for the orphans, jotirao Phule established an orphanage, possible the first such institution founded by a Hindu. Jotirao gave pr otection to pregnant widows and assured them that the orphanage would take care of their children.It was in this orphanage run by Jotirao that a Brahmin widow gave birth to a boy in 1873 and Jotirao adopted him as his son. For sometime, Jotirao worked as a contractor for the government and supplied building material required for the construction of a huge barrage at Khadakvasala near Poona. He had a direct experience of working with the officials of the Public Works Department which was notorious as a hotbed of corruption. Except the British officers holding very high positions in the Department. the clerks and other officers were invariably Brahmin and they exploited the illiterate workers.Jotirao felt in necessary to explain to the workers how they were duped by the Brahmin officials . in one of the ballads composed by him, he described vividly the fraudulent practices resorted to by the Brahmin officials in the Public Works Department (printed at the end of `Slavery')BIOGRAPHY OF MAHATMA PHULE by Dr. Y. D. Phadke. for the bo†¦ http://www. dalitstan. org/books/slavery/slavry_b. html 4 of 6 6/23/2005 1:02 PM In 1868, Jotirao decided to give access to the untouchables to small bathing tank mere his house.In his controversial book called Slavery published in June 1873, Jotirao included a manifesto which declared that he was willing to dine with all regardless of their caste, creed or country of origin. It is significant that several newspapers refused to give publicity to the manifesto because of its contents. His book Slavery was severely criticised for its `venomous propaganda' against the Brahmins. Jotio dedicated this book `to the good people of the United States as a token of admiration for their sublime, disinterested and self sacrificing devotion in the cause of Negro Slavery'. The book is written in the form of a dialogue.After tracing the history of the Brahmin domination in India, Jotirao examined the motives and objects of cruel and inhuman laws framed by the brahmins. Their main object in fabricating these fasehoods was to dupe the minds of the ignorant and rivet firmly on them the chains of perpetual bondage and slavery which their selfishness and cunning had forged, The severity of the laws as affecting the Sudras and the intense hatred with which they were regarded by the Brahmins can be explained on no other supposition but that there was, originally between the two, a deadly feud arising from the advent of the latter in to this land.Jotirao argued that the sudras were the sons of the soil while the Brahmins came from outside and usurped everything that was possessed by the `not one hundredth part of the rogueries' that were generally practsed on his `poor, illiterate and ignorant Sudra brethren'. On 24 September 1873 , Jotirao convened a meeting of his followers and admirers and it was decided to form the ‘Satya Shodhak Samaj' (Society of Seekers of Truth) with Jotirao as its first president and treasurer. Ever y member had to take pledge of loyalty to the British Empire.The main objectives of the organisation were to liberate the Shudras and Ati Shudras and to prevent their exploitation by the Brahmins. All the members of the Satya Shodhak Samaj were expected to treat all human being as children of God and worship the Creator without the help of any mediator. Membership was open to all and the available evidence proves that some Jews were admitted as members. In 1876. Jotirao refused to regard the Vedas as sacrosanct. He opposed idolatry and denounced the chaturvarnya. In his book Sarvajanik Satya Dharma Pustak published in 1891, his views on religious and social issues are given in the form of f dialogue.According to him,both men and women were entitled to enjoy equal rights and it was a sin to discriminate between human being on the basis of sex. He stressed the unity of man and envisaged a society based on liberty, equality and fraternity. He was aware that religious bigotry and aggres sive natioalism destroy the unity of man. In 1876 Jotirao was nominated as a member of the Poona Municipality, He tried to help the people in the famine-stricken areas of Maharashtra when a severe famine in 1877 forced people in the rural area to leave their villages.Some of them had to leave their children behind and appeal issued on 17 May 1877 by Jotirao indicates that theBIOGRAPHY OF MAHATMA PHULE by Dr. Y. D. Phadke. for the bo†¦ http://www. dalitstan. org/books/slavery/slavry_b. html 5 of 6 6/23/2005 1:02 PM Victoria Orphanage was founded under the auspices of the Satya Shodhak Samaj to took after these unfortunate children. From the beginning of the year 1879 Krishnarao Bhalekar, one of his colleagues, edited a weekly called Deenbandhu which was the organ f the Satya Shodhak Samaj.The weekly articulated the grievances of the peasants and workers. Deenbandhu defended Jotirao when Vishnushastri Chiplunkar, a powerful spokesmen of the conservative nationalists, attacked Jot irao's writing in the most vitriolic style. Narayan Meghaji Lokhande was another prominent colleague of Jotirao, Lokhande is acclaimed as the Father of Trade Union Movement in India From 1880 onward, he look over the management of Deenbabdhu which published from Bombay. Along with Lokhande. Jotirao also addressed the meetings of the textile workers in Bombay.It is significant that before and his colleagues Bhalekar and Lokhande tried to organise the peasants and the workers, no such attempt was made by any organisation to redress their grievances. One of the charges levelled by Jotirao against the leaders of the Brahmo Samaj and the Prarthana Samaj, the Sarvajanik Sabha and the Indian National Congress was that despite their programmes, in reality, they did very little to improve the lot of the masses. He felt that these organisations were dominated by the Brahmins and were not truly representative in character.In his booklet called Satsara (The Essence of Truth) published in June 1 885, he criticised the Brahmo Samaj and the Prarthana Samaj. Addressing their leaders he declared, ‘We don't need the help of your organisations. Don't worry about us' In his book, Sarvajanik Sabha or the Indian National Congress. He warnhat the persistent demand made by these organisation for Indianisation of the administrative services, if accepted, would lead to Brahminisation of the service in India.He thought that it was difficult to create a sense of nationality so long as the restriction on dining and marrying outside the caste continued to observed by people belonging to different castes. Education of the masses would promote the process of nation-making. It should be remembered that just as Jotirao did not mince words when he criticised the leaders of tormist movement he was equally fearless in criticising the decision of the alien rulers which did not contribute to the welfare of the masses.When the government wanted to grant more licences for liquor-shop, Jotirao co ndemned this move as he believed that addiction to liquor would ruin many poor families. On 30 November 1880, the President of the Poona Municipality requested the members of approve his proposal of spending one thousand rupees on the occasion of the visit of Lord Lytton, the Governor-General of India. The official wanted to present him an address during his visit to Poona. Lytton had passed an Act which resulted in gagging the press and Deenbandhu, the organ of the Satya Shodhak Samaj, had protested against the restriction on the right to freedom of the press.Jotirao did not like the idea of spending the money of the tax- payers in honouring a guest like Lytton. HeBIOGRAPHY OF MAHATMA PHULE by Dr. Y. D. Phadke. for the bo†¦ http://www. dalitstan. org/books/slavery/slavry_b. html 6 of 6 6/23/2005 1:02 PM boldly suggested that the amount could be very well spent on the education of the poor people in poona. He was the only member out of all the thirty-two nominated members of th e Poona Municipality who voted against the official resolution. Another incident also revealed his attachment for the poor easant and his courage in drawing the attention of member of the British royal family to the sufferings of the framers in rural areas, On 2 March 1888, Hari Raoji Chiplunkar, a friend of Jotirao, arranged a function in honour of the Duke and Duchess of Connaught. Dressed like a peasant, Jotirao attended the function and made a speech,. He commented on the rich invitees who displayed their wealth by wearing diamond studded jewellery and warned the visiting dignitaries that the people who had gathered there did not represent India.If the Duke of Connaught was really interested in finding out the condition of the Indian subjects of Her Majesty the Queen of England, Jotirao suggested that the ought to visit some nearby village as well as the areas in the city occupied by the untouchables. He requested the Duke of Connaught who was a gandson of Queen Victoria to conv ey his message to her and made a strong plea to provide education to the poor people, Jotirao's speech created quit a stir. Throughout his life.Jotirao Phule fought for the emancipation of the downtrodden people and the struggle which he launched at a young age ended only when he died on 28 November 18 He was a pioneer in many fields and among his contemporaries he stands out as one who never wavered in his quest for trust for and justice, Thought he was often accused of fomenting hatred between the non Brahmins, very rarely an attempt was made to consider his scathing criticism in a broad perspective.The later generation also took considerable time to understand and appreciate the profound significance of his unflinching espousal of the rights of man remained till the end of his life a major theme of his writings and a goal of his actions. [p. xxii] Dr. Y. D. PHADKE – o o O o o – [ Table of Contents ] [ Preface >> THE END Amish Janie Kiester Mini Ethnography on Amish Dinner Instructor, Michelle Stone, PhD Amish/Mennonite Information: Today there are over 12 different Amish and Mennonite groups in the Shipshawana area. They do not permit electricity or telephones in their homes. By restricting access to television, radio, and telephones, the Amish feel they are better able to keep the modern world from intruding into their home life. The Amish have long preferred farming as a way of life. They feel their lifestyle and their families can best be maintained in a rural environment. While they do not permit the use of tractors in their fields, these traditional Amish groups do use modern farm equipment pulled by teams of horses or mules. These traditional Amish groups do not own or operate automobiles, believing that cars would provide easier access to the ways of the world. You often see their horses and buggies on the streets of Shipshawana. These traditional groups wear plain clothing styles, which has earned them the name â€Å"Plain People†. It is the simple, peaceful lifestyle of these plain people that attracts such a curiosity today. Many wonder how these people can survive in their supposedly backward ways. Well, they're not only surviving – they're thriving. Since 1960, the Amish population in Shipshewana has almost tripled. Their separation from the rest of society actually helps to strengthen their community. Amish children attend Amish one-room school houses through the eighth grade. Amish worship services are held every other week in one of the member's homes. Socializing is an important part of Amish life. The Amish have a strong sense of community spirit, and often come to the aid of those in need. Their barn raisings are a good example and neighbors freely give of their time and their skills to help one another. The Amish are generally private people and often find all the attention and curiosity about their lifestyle disturbing. They believe that the taking of photographs where someone is recognizable is forbidden by the Biblical prohibition against making any ‘graven image. With our society's current interest in restoring ‘family values', much can be learned from studying the Amish way of life. Their devotion to family and community and their strong work ethic are good examples of a much larger society. I was invited to attend the Amish Dinner in the home of J and B Yoder, of Shipshawana on October 16, 2010, at 6:00pm. Six other people were invited to attend this special dinner and I arrived early so I could observe them as they arrived. The home was completely inviting and decorated in wood furniture and homemade furnishings; anyone would be of comfort. Small Amish children could be found running around, lots of women with aprons carrying food dishes to the eating area, even a dog was barking and running about while all this commotion was happening. I talked to Mrs. Yoder, the wife of Mr. Yoder, who is the head of the household. I asked her many questions about being Amish, living with extend family, and what her culture is like on a day to day basis. She excitingly talked about her family and her ideal culture of being Amish. She went on to talk about the huge amounts of work that has to be done each day and each person residing in the home has their own responsibilities. She named a few of hers, including laundry by hand, bathing the 7 young children, making 12 loafs of bread everyday and the cleaning. She laughed at having 4 ovens and it still isn't enough for her family. The powerful leaders in her group are definitely the men. Then use the law of consecration and when someone needs help it is done together as a community in the order of need. If a family needs food, housing, transportation, then they give from within. She comments about being born and raised Amish and that she does not know a life outside it. She does enjoy the family unity the culture provides, the sense of well-being and the quiet lifestyle. The first to arrive was the Adam's Family. There were two adults and two small children. They entered the house with much gratitude and was introduced to Mr. and Mrs. Yoder. The children were brought into the playroom to play with the Amish children. I stood in the doorway to observe the children and noticed the conversation was all about the Amish child's clothing. A Adams, was asking the sweet Amish boy why he had to wear the same out fit as the other Amish boys and men. He even asked if it was his Halloween costume. It was amazing to me that at the age of 5, Alex knew that the clothing was out of his social norm. He also was well aware that this Amish boy was not of his same social group. The Amish boy was very quiet and did not answer the questions he was asked. He sat quietly and played with a hand made wooden truck. C Adams, the older boy pulled out his Nintendo DS System and started playing with it. The Amish boy asked him if it was a calculator. C Adams, showed the Amish boy the video game system and he watched but never took the offer to play it. Mrs. Adams was in the kitchen trying to help but her attempts were turned down by the sweet Amish women. The next to arrive was a black couple. They were not as out going and gracious as the Adam's family. They sat at the table and did not get up and look around or offer any assistance to the Amish women. I walked up to this couple and introduced myself to them. They had just moved to the area and was invited to the dinner by friends. They currently had no knowledge or experience with the Amish and were amazed by their lifestyle. They were anxious to try the delicious food they kept hearing all about. They also commented on never knowing anyone who could live life without cars, electricity etc. The black man did ask if there were black Amish families in the area and Mr. Yoder commented that he did not know of any and that he was sure there were African Americans who partake in his same culture. Once the guests were all arrived, they were all invited to gather into the garage area where there were long tables set up for the dinner. Young girls wore cute aprons and were introduced as our servers for the evening. The group was overall very quiet and full of observation. There were a few babies fussing but other then that you heard very little chatter. Mr. and Mrs. Yoder came out and welcomed everyone formally and asked to say a blessing on the food. This was definitely part of their beliefs and everyone took the gesture kindly. We then sat as the young Amish girls brought platters and platters of food to our tables. Huge amounts of fried chicken, chicken and noodles, mashed potatoes, lots of different vegetables, white turkey and ham were available to enjoy. Everyone ate and kept to themselves. The Amish girls were busy running back and forth with new platters of food and pitchers full of fresh lemonade. There was no entertainment of any kind and we very seldom saw the hostesses. It would have been nice if they were around to answer questions or to offer information about their culture to the invited guests. After the main course was cleared and everyone was full with a joyous amount of food, they brought out the pie. There was lots of cheering and excitement. We were allowed 2 pieces and there was about 10 different choices. My husband and I chose 4 different choices and nibbled at each of them. The Amish are definitely known for their delicious pies and bakery items. As the guests slowly left as they finished their deserts. I watched and only a few took their dirty dishes into the kitchen. Those that did, took the time to thank the Yoder family for this special occasion. A couple of the young Amish boys then took a few of the men on a tour of the property. The Amish are definitely a rare social institution of its own. They go against the world and live life like they did a million years ago and survive. No cell phones, no internet, no cars, no electricity, no gasoline, etc. These strict values make the outsider curious of such institution. I heard people say many times, â€Å"I could never live like this, how do they do it? † How do they do it? Many of them don't know anything different and therefore make it much easier to go without something that you never had to begin with. The Amish are a religious group, they are sweet and full of God's spirit. The are a kind people, a family orientated people. They are selfless, always doing service for someone else. I can't help but think what our society would be like with instilled and encouraged amazing values and beliefs. One can still have electricity and be kind, love their families and do selfless acts of service right? I feel that our society would be so much better if somehow we could follow some of the Amish's examples. We all have our own norms, our own religions and beliefs. Watching teenagers text nonstop is something that I fear is a glimpse of our future. Can we survive without materialistic things like a cell phone? How could a teenager's time be spent if he/she weren't loathing in high school gossip 24/7? As an entire society we will never be able to instil such values but within our families and primary groups we can. As parents I feel that we have a huge responsibility and teaching our children high standards and values is of the utmost importance. What would our society be like if teenagers spent the same amount of time studying as they did texting? Amazing! We would have rocket scientists everywhere! Writing this paper gave me some great experience going out of my social comfort zone. I found, however, that it makes a group more likely to socialize if someone opens up first and introduces themselves. It breaks the ice and was much easier then I had thought it would be. I feel my next social event will go better now that I have experienced going out of my comfort zone and introducing myself to strangers first.

All About Eve

Ironically, we see the story repeating Itself at the end of the film. The story itself reflects a history that is as old as show business. Betty Davis' plays Margo Changing, the star of the film fears her stardom will soon fade do to her turning 40 years of age. Margo goes through a series of events were she panics do to her aging. In reality being the age of 40 is not very old. However, in film business actresses are unable to play various roles. Ideally, most roles are created for pretty young woman, and after a certain age it is difficult to portray those oleos.Males however, are able to continue their advancing years In many roles. Marco's character Is egoistical, very demanding, and obsessed with stardom's. Her life revolves around theater. The numbers of roles that are offered to her are suddenly decreasing. Although her character shows confidence on the outside, in the inside she is full of insecurities. Betty Davis' was the perfect candidate for this role. Davis' herself was a very famous Hollywood star whose career was going down the drain due to aging. This movie put this aging actress back to the top.Ann Baxter plays the role of Eve. This character plays a role of a star struck fan. At first Eve seems to be a very naive, and sweet. Eve Is dressed down at the beginning in an old trench coat and hat. She Is setting herself up for an Improvising soul who has to pay cheap for a ticket at a standing room; giving the illusion that she is caught up with the love of the theater. She soon becomes Marco's assistant, and then understudy. Both actresses convey their roles in such a natural way that it seems as if the roles were written for them.Actuality, there was other actresses who were noninsured for these roles, but the castings prevailed. In the film, Eve becomes Marco's understudy with the help, and Influences of great theater people. The film portrayed the rivalry and competition between actors. The movie was such a success that it was nominated for many awards. This film put Betty Davis back on top. Her great performance got Betty nominated In the academy awards for best actress. But, her co-star Ann Baxter (Eve) insisted on being nominated for the same award.Rather than taking the award for supporting actress. This caused the votes for tooth actresses to cancel out; therefore, giving the award to the runner up. Eve later admitted her mistake In not accepting the supporting actress award. George Candler's plays a theater critic named Addison De Witt. De Wit's character is very egoistic, snobby, and believes he is the most important person in the theater world. His dialogue consists of sarcastic tones that set the films themes in perspective. His character represents the views of the director Amanuensis.In a theater community a well recognized critic can make a difference in an audience. Monger than Margo. Yet, he falls in love with Margo and marries her. In real life, Merrill did fall in love with Davis, and also decided to marry her. Along with the cast of this great film Marilyn Monroe is introduced. Marilyn plays the role of Miss Caldwell. Miss Caldwell is interested in meeting wealthy men, and therefore uses her assets like her body to attract them. In real life Marilyn did use her assets to accomplish her goals. The films dialogue sets the movie apart from any other film.The characters are always lively, and clever. Their tone of delivering their lines makes the audience stop and pay attention. The films dialogue undertones all the hidden feelings that the characters are establishing. It reflects the backstabbing, and the means people will take in order to reach stardom. The film director uses high key lighting in black and white in order to portray a flawless and glamorous look. This gives the image a clear and clean appearance. This choice of lighting smooth's the characters flaws, and makes them appear younger than they are almost doll like.In the film the people that are involved in theater appear t o be very wealthy. The characters are dressed formal, and glamorous. It appears that the world the characters inhabit is white segregated. The characters all obtain fur coats, and they appear to treat them as if they had no value. Birdie (the helper of Margo) makes Jokes of the bed looking like a dead animal when the coats are thrown on the bed. Small items like these indicate wealthiest. The film â€Å"All about Eve† is a great representation of the behind the scenes of a theatre based environment.The film represent the secret feelings, envy, Jealousy, and backstabbing between friends, and colleges. This film is an insightful manipulation of art imitating life. The clever dialogue and sharp performances illustrate the plot of the story. The audience is introduced to the story of a young lady and her ruthless way to rise in fame. Once she is an inspiring actress, we see the story repeat itself as a young lady enters the life of Eve claiming to be a star struck fan. The cycle repeats itself, and there are many women who are ready to take her spot.